Thomas R. Sinclair

North Carolina State University

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Vincent Vadez

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

Thomas W. Rufty

North Carolina State University

Afshin Soltani

Islamic Azad University of Gorgan

Rachid Serraj

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Larry C. Purcell

University of Arkansas at Fayetteville

Michel Edmond Ghanem

Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique

C. J. Sinclair

Fera Science (United Kingdom)

Avat Shekoofa

University of Tennessee at Knoxville

Mura Jyostna Devi

University of Wisconsin–Madison

Walid Sadok

University of Minnesota

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100

Agricultural Research Service

United States Department of Agriculture

North Carolina State University

University of Georgia

University of Missouri

University of Queensland

Cornell University

Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

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Evaluation of model to meet objectives.

CABI eBooks (2012)

Alì Soltani Thomas R. Sinclair

This chapter presents some guidelines in the evaluation of the suitability of a model in terms of transparency (i.e. the model parameters, flow diagrams, and code can be readily understood by those who were not involved in the development of the model, and the empirical coefficients can be independently observed and measured) and robustness (i.e. the model produces simulation results that compare favorably with observation). Simulated and measured values of leaf area index, and vegetative, seed and total dry matter in chickpea are presented to further describe the evaluation process.

Robustness

10.1079/9781845939700.0019

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3D seismic survey design

Chris Ashton Barton J. Bacon Anja Mann Nick Moldoveanu D. Ireson

Planning a seismic survey call for juggling four balls at once: getting the best illumination of the target at the lowest cost while obtaining data that will satisfy present and future demands. An investment in planning can mean the difference between data that make a field and data that are not interpretable. Attention is paid to two key ingredients of seismic survey planning: how to get a good signal, and how to balance signal quality with cost constraints. Two case studies are highlighted. 22 figs., 11 refs.

Seismic survey

Survey data collection

Survey research

Field survey

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Citations (34)

Temperature and Solar Radiation Effects on Potential Maize Yield across Locations

Agronomy Journal (1990)

R.C. Muchow Thomas R. Sinclair J. M. Bennett

Abstract The objective of this analysis was to use a simple, mechanistic crop growth model to examine the effects of variation in solar radiation and temperature on potential maize ( Zea mays L.) yield among locations. Crop phenology and leaf growth were calculated from daily mean temperature data obtained at the five locations studied. Daily biomass accumulation was calculated by estimating the amount of radiation intercepted and assuming maximum crop radiation use efficiency of 1.6 g MJ− 1 . Grain yield accumulation was simulated using a linear increase in harvest index during grain filling. Observed and simulated grain yields were compared for several sowings at each of five localions ranging from latitude 14°S to 40°N lat. Averaged across sowings, respective observed and simulated oven‐dry grain yields (g m− 2 ) were 816 and 830 at Katherine, Australia; 953 and 908 at Gainesville, FL; 1059 and 1106 at Quincy, FL; 1091 and 1119 at Champaign, IL; and 1580 and 1626 at Grand Junction, CO. Temperature primarily affected growth duration with lower temperature increasing the length of time that the crop could intercept radiation. The solar radiation response was related to the amount of incident radiation and to the fraction of radiation intercepted by the crop. In the tropics (Katherine), high temperature decreased the duration of growth and grain yield, despite high levels of radiation. Only at locations with low temperature and consequent long growth duration. and with high radiation were maize yields simulated to be more than 1600 g m− 2 (300 bushels per acre at 15.5% moisture).

Bushel

10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200020033x

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Citations (401)

Diffuse Reflectance Hypothesis for the Pathway of Solar Radiation Through Leaves¹

Agronomy Journal (1973)

Thomas R. Sinclair M. M. Schreiber R. M. Hoffer

Abstract The Willstätter and Stoll theory explains leaf reflectance as critical or total reflection of light at cell wall‐air interfaces of spongy mesophyll tissue, and is based on observations of the spectral properties of leaves in the visible wavelengths. Our data, obtained in the 0.72 to 1.3 μm (reflective infrared) wavelengths, showed that unexpectedly high levels of reflectance occurred from palisade tissue and from dehydrated leaves that had collapsed internal structures. A modification of the Willstätter‐Stoll theory, termed the diffuse reflectance hypothesis, allows a satisfactory explanation of the observed spectral properties of leaves in the reflective infrared, as well as the visible wavelengths.

Reflection

Diffuse reflection

Light reflection

Visible spectrum

10.2134/agronj1973.00021962006500020027x

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Citations (104)

Abscisic Acid and Sulfate Offer a Possible Explanation for Differences in Physiological Drought Response of Two Maize Near-Isolines

Plants (2020)

Avat Shekoofa Thomas R. Sinclair

The hypothesis was tested that differences in response to water-deficits between low osmotic potential (LOP) and high osmotic potential (HOP) maize (Zea mays L.) near-isolines were associated with differences in transpiration rate sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) and/or sulfate. In a series of four experiments, decreases in transpiration rate (DTR) of whole plants and fully expanded leaves were measured in response to treatments of 1.0 µM ABA and 15 mM MgSO4 singly and in combination following long (2 day) and short (180 min) exposures. There was little evidence that intact plants grown on soil were responsive to the treatments. For hydroponically grown plants subjected to long exposure, there was similarly no response to treatments. Further, the short exposure of hydroponically grown plants to solely ABA or a combination of chemicals resulted in no sensitivity in DTR for either of the near-isolines. On the other hand, when these plants were fed sulfate, the transpiration was stimulated by about 20% for the LOP and 60% for the HOP. Detached leaves proved to be the most sensitive to treatment. Treatment with the two chemicals singly caused essentially equivalent DTR in the two near-isolines. However, treatment with ABA plus sulfate resulted in different DTR between the two near-isolines with values of 65% for the LOP and 16% for the HOP near-isoline. Overall, these results showed that the short exposure treatment of hydroponically grown plants or detached leaves supported the hypothesis of different transpiration rate sensitivities of the near-isolines in response to ABA and sulfate treatments.

10.3390/plants9121713

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Citations (2)

Terrestrial Global Productivity.: Edited by J. ROY, B. SAUGIER, and H.A. MOONEY. Academic Press, 525 B St., Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101‐4495. 2001. Hardback, 573 pp., $99.95. ISBN 0‐12‐505290‐1

Crop Science (2002)

Thomas R. Sinclair

10.2135/cropsci2002.6570

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Ureide concentration of field‐grown soybean in response to drought and the relationship to nitrogen fixation

Journal of Plant Nutrition (1998)

Larry C. Purcell Rachid Serraj Manjula de Silva Thomas R. Sinclair Stefano Bona

Abstract Ureides accumulate in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) petioles during drought under greenhouse conditions despite decreased N2 fixation and ureide production. Field experiments with water‐deficit treatments were established to examine the possibility of ureide accumulation under natural drought‐stress conditions. Tissue ureide concentration of drought tolerant 'Jackson' were compared with either 'Hutcheson' or 'Biloxi'. For mild water‐deficit conditions, petiole ureide levels were greater than a well‐watered treatment at ten sampling dates for Hutcheson compared to three dates for Jackson. At only two dates were there significant differences between genotypes in petiole ureide concentration, in which case petiole ureide concentration of Hutcheson was greater than Jackson. Under more severe water‐deficit conditions, there were greater and more consistent increases in petiole ureide concentration for Jackson and Biloxi. Jackson, however, had lower petiole ureide concentration than Biloxi throughout the measurement period for both well‐watered and water‐deficit treatments. Ureide catabolism in leaves during reproductive development was found to be negatively associated with petiole ureide concentration of Hutcheson (r=‐0.37, P=0.01), but not in Jackson (r=‐0.12, P=0.44). These results indicated that increased ureide accumulation in response to water deficits experienced under field conditions was negatively associated with drought tolerance of N2 fixation in these cultivars, and that petiole ureide accumulation may result from decreased ureide catabolism.

Petiole (insect anatomy)

Catabolism

Ecophysiology

Drought Tolerance

10.1080/01904169809365456

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Citations (48)

Comparison of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes for nitrogen fixation tolerance to soil drying

Plant and Soil (2012)

Mura Jyostna Devi Thomas R. Sinclair Stephen Beebe Idupulapati M. Rao

10.1007/s11104-012-1330-4

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Citations (65)

Variation in Crop Radiation‐Use Efficiency with Increased Diffuse Radiation

Crop Science (1992)

Thomas R. Sinclair Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa Graeme Hammer

Radiation‐use efficiency (RUE; grams of biomass accumulated, divided by total solar radiation intercepted) has proven to be a useful variable for quantifying biomass accumulation by crops. Experimental results and theoretical analysis indicate that differences in RUE exist among species, but that RUE for unstressed conditions is relatively stable within a species. A departure from the general conclusion is that high values of RUE have been reported for conditions where the diffuse proportion of the total radiation is commonly large (e.g., glasshouse‐grown plants). In this paper, a simple theoretical derivation of RUE was examined to quantify potential responses in RUE to variation in the fraction of diffuse radiation. To simulate natural conditions, the absolute amount of incident diffuse radiation was held constant and the amount of the direct radiation component was varied so that both the fraction of diffuse radiation and total radiation were varied. The estimates of RUE for soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and maize ( Zea mays L.) increased as the fraction of diffuse radiation increased and the total radiation decreased. These results indicate that plants grown in glasshouses or in other locations with large fractions of diffuse radiation are likely to have greater radiation‐use efficiency than observed under primarily direct radiation.

10.2135/cropsci1992.0011183x003200050043x

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Citations (169)

Plant and Soil (1998)

R. B. Clark E. E. Alberts Richard W. Zobel Thomas R. Sinclair M.S. Miller

Subsoil

Soil horizon

10.1023/a:1004256100631

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Citations (42)