James R. Warner

Ford Motor Company (United States)

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Christine Lambert

Ford Motor Company (United States)

Douglas Dobson

Ford Motor Company (United States)

Giovanni Cavataio

Ford Motor Company (United States)

Hung-Wen Jen

Ford Motor Company (United States)

Cuong T. Huynh

Michigan Technological University

Susan T. Bagley

Michigan Technological University

James W. Girard

University of California, Berkeley

John H. Johnson

Michigan Technological University

Ming Yang

Shanxi Normal University

Mike Veenstra

Ford Motor Company (United States)

Cooperative Institutions

Ford Motor Company (United States)

Ford Motor Company (France)

University of Tennessee at Knoxville

Michigan Technological University

University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

Langley Research Center

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Advanced Engineering (Czechia)

National Institute of Aerospace

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Kinetic Stability of MOF-5 in Humid Environments: Impact of Powder Densification, Humidity Level, and Exposure Time

Langmuir (2015)

Ming Yang Justin Purewal Jun Yang Chunchuan Xu Rick Soltis

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging class of microporous, crystalline materials with potential applications in the capture, storage, and separation of gases. Of the many known MOFs, MOF-5 has attracted considerable attention because of its ability to store gaseous fuels at low pressure with high densities. Nevertheless, MOF-5 and several other MOFs exhibit limited stability upon exposure to reactive species such as water. The present study quantifies the impact of humid air exposure on the properties of MOF-5 as a function of exposure time, humidity level, and morphology (i.e., powders vs pellets). Properties examined include hydrogen storage capacity, surface area, and crystallinity. Water adsorption/desorption isotherms are measured using a gravimetric technique; the first uptake exhibits a type V isotherm with a sudden increase in uptake at ∼50% relative humidity. For humidity levels below this threshold only minor degradation is observed for exposure times up to several hours, suggesting that MOF-5 is more stable than generally assumed under moderately humid conditions. In contrast, irreversible degradation occurs in a matter of minutes for exposures above the 50% threshold. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicates that molecular and/or dissociated water is inserted into the skeletal framework after long exposure times. Densification into pellets can slow the degradation of MOF-5 significantly, and may present a pathway to enhance the stability of some MOFs.

10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00833

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Citations (104)

The role and reality of graphics standards (Panel)

ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics (1984)

James R. Warner

Graphics standards are formally sanctioned guidelines for graphics programming. Just as ANSI standards provide FORTRAN programmers with a common ground among compilers, the role of graphics standards is to define a set of common procedures or subroutines for developing graphics applications. The primary objectives underlying graphics standards are program portability and a common methodology for application program development. Graphic standards are clearly desirable and efforts to bring them about are well underway. Nevertheless, the role of graphics standards must be matched with the reality of software development environments. A common problem faced by all standards committees is the very long lead time required to arrive at consensus. Most standards groups are staffed by volunteers, chartered to develop standards models around generally-accepted current professional practices. Often, this is a time-consuming process relying on compromise and diplomacy and hampered by long intervals between meetings. As a result, standards inevitably lag behind the industry, where competitive hardware vendors play leapfrog with one another, pushing the state of the art. Much of the concern surrounding standards implementations stems from the low level of standards literacy in the graphics user community. Beyond a vague understanding of functionality, most graphics software shoppers have little understanding on the different levels of standards, how to measure a good implementation, and methods of programming efficiently using a graphics standards methodology. As a result, standards-based packages face the difficult challenge of balancing the theoretical world of standards with the down to-earth needs of application developers working against deadlines. This session will measure the several standards proposals now in the ANSI pipeline against the requirements and literacy level of the buying public. The evolution of a standard through ANSI and the implications of certification procedures will be presented and discussed. The problems of implementing a graphics standard will also be discussed, along with the general buying criteria to follow when shopping for standards-based graphics software.

Software portability

Graphics software

10.1145/964965.808603

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The Effect of Ash Accumulation on Gasoline Particulate Filters: A Comparison Between Laboratory and Field Aged Samples

James H. Jorgensen Timothy Murray Alexander Sappok Victor Wong Christoph Börensen

Stringent regulations worldwide will limit the level of particulate matter (PM) and particle number (PN) emitted from gasoline engines. Gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) present one strategy for meeting PM and PN limits over the full operating range of the engine. Over time these filters accumulate incombustible ash, increasing system pressure drop and adversely effecting engine performance. The effect of aging as a result of ash accumulation is examined over the full lifetime of gasoline particulate filters, using a novel accelerated aging system. This system utilizes a gasoline combustion chamber into which lubricating oil is injected simulating combustion in the cylinder — the primary source of ash. This report details the construction and validation of this system.

Gasoline direct injection

10.1115/icef2014-5473

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Citations (5)

DIGRAF—a FORTRAN implementation of the proposed GSPC standard

ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics (1978)

James R. Warner Margaret A. Polisher Robert N. Kopolow

A machine-independent FORTRAN implementation of the GSPC proposed standard is presented. DIGRAF ( D evice I ndependent GRA phics from F ORTRAN) has been designed to closely parallel level-3 of the 'CORE' system. The present implementation allows portability to any computer with a FORTRAN compiler and a word length of at least 16-bits. Several CORE system design issues are discussed from the implementor's viewpoint. A breakdown of the functional modules reinforces the portability aspects. Special features of the user interface are presented. A storage structure for retained segments is presented with a review of the memory management alternatives. The device-dependent interface for two common classes of devices is discussed. Finally, the design and data structure techniques used to implement several CORE functions is presented.

Fortran

Software portability

Interface (matter)

10.1145/965139.807406

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Citations (9)

Real Time 3-D Graphics Processing Hardware Design using Field-Programmable Gate Arrays.

James R. Warner

Three dimensional graphics processing requires many complex algebraic and matrix based operations to be performed in real-time. In early stages of graphics processing, such tasks were delegated to a Central Processing Unit (CPU). Over time as more complex graphics rendering was demanded, CPU solutions became inadequate. To meet this demand, custom hardware solutions that take advantage of pipelining and massive parallelism become more preferable to CPU software based solutions. This fact has lead to the many custom hardware solutions that are available today. Since real time graphics processing requires extreme high performance, hardware solutions using Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) are the standard within the industry. While ASICs are a more than adequate solution for implementing high performance custom hardware, the design, implementation and testing of ASIC based designs are becoming cost prohibitive due to the massive up front verification effort needed as well as the cost of fixing design defects.Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) provide an alternative to the ASIC design flow. More importantly, in recent years FPGA technology have begun to improve in performance to the point where ASIC and FPGA performance has become comparable. In addition, FPGAs address many of the issues of the ASIC design flow. The ability to reconfigure FPGAs reduces the upfront verification effort and allows design defects to be fixed easily. This thesis demonstrates that a 3-D graphics processor implementation on and FPGA is feasible by implementing both a two dimensional and three dimensional graphics processor prototype. By using a Xilinx Virtex 5 ML506 FPGA development kit a fully functional wireframe graphics rendering engine is implemented using VHDL and Xilinx's development tools. A VHDL testbench was designed to verify that the graphics engine works functionally. This is followed by synthesizing the design and real hardware and developing test applications to verify functionality and performance of the design. This thesis provides the ground work for push forward the use of FPGA technology in graphics processing applications.

Application-specific integrated circuit

FPGA prototype

Reconfigurable Computing

Graphics hardware

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Citations (5)

Oxidation Catalytic Converter and Emulsified Fuel Effects on Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Particulate Matter Emissions

SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series (2002)

James R. Warner Cuong T. Huynh Girish Janakiraman John H. Johnson Susan T. Bagley

Catalytic converter

Diesel exhaust fluid