Dos componentes do ciclo hidrológico, a evapotranspiração (ET) é um dos mais importantes, sendo que existem diversos métodos para a sua quantificação, a exemplo do balanço hídrico.Este método permite o acompanhamento das relações hídricas durante as diferentes fases fenológicas da cultura, tornando-se de grande importância para o manejo adequado dos recursos hídricos.Dessa forma, no presente trabalho determinaram-se os componentes do balanço hídrico (evapotranspiração, variação do armazenamento de água no solo, drenagem profunda, ascensão capilar, precipitação pluvial e irrigação suplementar) em um Latossolo Amarelo cultivado com a variedade de mamona BRS-149 Nordestina.O experimento foi conduzido em uma área de aproximadamente 9 ha, na Fazenda Estivas no município de Garanhuns-PE (8 o 53' S, 36 o 31' O, 823 m de altitude).Para a determinação do balanço hídrico foram instalados sensores automatizados para a medição do conteúdo volumétrico de água no solo nas profundidades de 0,20; 0,40; 0,60; 0,80; e 1,00 m, além de um pluviógrafo automatizado para medir a precipitação pluvial.Também foram realizados ensaios de infiltração, para determinação da condutividade hidráulica à saturação do solo, bem como determinação da curva de retenção da água no solo, em laboratório.Alem disso, foi determinada a evapotranspiração de referência (ETo), com dados de uma estação meteorológica instalada no centro da área experimental.Dos resultados, verificou-se que o fluxo de água na base do solo (ascensão capilar, AC, e/ou drenagem profunda, D), durante todo o período de avaliação, ocorreu predominantemente no sentido descendente, sendo perdidos 75,1 mm de água por drenagem profunda, o que representa 27,8% de toda a água fornecida à cultura.A ET durante todo o ciclo da mamona foi de 255,6 mm, com valor médio de 2,2 mm d -1 , sendo que a mesma acompanhou a variação da precipitação e irrigação.A ETo teve valores total e médio de 503,0 mm e 4,06 mm d -1 , respectivamente.Em relação ao consumo de água (ET) pela mamona nas diferentes fases fenológicas, observou-se que o maior consumo ocorreu na fase reprodutiva (1,87 mm d -1 ), no entanto, nesta mesma fase, o valor médio de ETo foi 4,83 mm d -1 .Desse modo, provavelmente, a mamona sofreu estresse hídrico nessa fase, pois, a relação ET/ETo foi bem abaixo de 1 (0,39), como também ocorreram os menores valores de área foliar e índice de área foliar.
The EU-CardioRNA Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action is a European-wide consortium established in 2018 with 31 European country members and four associate member countries to build bridges between translational researchers from academia and industry who conduct research on non-coding RNAs, cardiovascular diseases and similar research areas. EU-CardioRNA comprises four core working groups (WG1-4). In the first year since its launch, EU-CardioRNA met biannually to exchange and discuss recent findings in related fields of scientific research, with scientific sessions broadly divided up according to WG. These meetings are also an opportunity to establish interdisciplinary discussion groups, brainstorm ideas and make plans to apply for joint research grants and conduct other scientific activities, including knowledge transfer. Following its launch in Brussels in 2018, three WG meetings have taken place. The first of these in Lisbon, Portugal, the second in Istanbul, Turkey, and the most recent in Maastricht, The Netherlands. Each meeting includes a scientific session from each WG. This meeting report briefly describes the highlights and key take-home messages from each WG session in this first successful year of the EU-CardioRNA COST Action.
Exercise is a non-pharmacologic agent widely used for hypertension control, where low intensity is often associated with blood pressure reduction. Maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) was recently identified in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) as an important step in establishing secure intensities for prescribing exercise for hypertensive phenotypes. Here we verified the effects of training around MLSS, 20% below MLSS, and 15% above MLSS on aerobic fitness and blood pressure status of SHR. Eighteen-week-old SHRs (n = 5, ~ 172.4 ± 8.1 mm Hg systolic blood pressure) were trained on a treadmill for 4 weeks for 30 min/day, 5 days/week at a velocity of 20 m.min(-1). After training, a novel MLSS and incremental test was performed to evaluate the animals' aerobic fitness. Furthermore, ~ 22-week-old SHRs (n = 12, ~169.8 ± 13.8 mm Hg systolic blood pressure) were divided into non-exercised (CG, n = 4), low intensity (LIG, n = 4) and high intensity (HIG, n = 4) groups, where rats were trained at 16 m.min(-1) and 23 m.min(-1) respectively for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks.Exercise performed at MLSS enhanced aerobic fitness, leading to a novel MLSS, identified around 30 m.min(-1). Low and high intensity training reduced systolic blood pressure and only high intensity training led to improved aerobic fitness (28.1%, p < 0.01).Therefore, our data indicate a decrease in blood pressure due to low and high exercise intensity, and an increase in aerobic fitness provided by high-intensity exercise in SHRs.
Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a highly heterogeneous disorder influenced by several environmental and genetic factors. Effective disease-modifying therapies and robust early-stage biomarkers are still lacking, and an improved understanding of the molecular changes in PD could help to reveal new diagnostic markers and pharmaceutical targets. Here, we report results from a cohort-wide blood plasma metabolic profiling of PD patients and controls in the Luxembourg Parkinson’s Study to detect disease-associated alterations at the level of systemic cellular process and network alterations. We identified statistically significant changes in both individual metabolite levels and global pathway activities in PD vs. controls and significant correlations with motor impairment scores. As a primary observation when investigating shared molecular sub-network alterations, we detect pronounced and coordinated increased metabolite abundances in xanthine metabolism in de novo patients, which are consistent with previous PD case/control transcriptomics data from an independent cohort in terms of known enzyme-metabolite network relationships. From the integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics network analysis, the enzyme hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1) is determined as a potential key regulator controlling the shared changes in xanthine metabolism and linking them to a mechanism that may contribute to pathological loss of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in PD. Overall, the investigations revealed significant PD-associated metabolome alterations, including pronounced changes in xanthine metabolism that are mechanistically congruent with alterations observed in independent transcriptomics data. The enzyme HPRT1 may merit further investigation as a main regulator of these network alterations and as a potential therapeutic target to address downstream molecular pathology in PD.
A resistência de microrganismos a desinfetantes utilizados em laboratórios é uma preocupação crescente na farmácia. Os principais microrganismos presentes em ambientes laboratoriais incluem bactérias, vírus e fungos. Os desinfetantes comuns, como álcool, cloro e peróxido de hidrogênio, atuam de maneiras distintas: o álcool desnatura proteínas, o cloro oxida componentes celulares e o peróxido de hidrogênio gera radicais livres que danificam as estruturas celulares. A eficácia de cada desinfetante depende de sua concentração e do tempo de contato, fatores como o uso inadequado dos desinfetantes, como diluições incorretas e tempos de exposição insuficientes, contribuem para a resistência. Além disso, a formação de biofilmes em superfícies é um desafio significativo, pois protege os microrganismos da ação dos desinfetantes, dificultando a eliminação eficaz. Este trabalho teve como objetivo central compreender tais aspectos para o desenvolvimento de protocolos mais eficientes de desinfecção, visando minimizar a resistência microbiana e garantir a segurança em ambientes laboratoriais. Conclui-se com esta pesquisa que o monitoramento contínuo e a atualização das práticas de desinfecção são essenciais para enfrentar esse problema, a resistência dos microorganismos a desinfetantes em laboratório exige uma atenção constante e um esforço colaborativo entre pesquisadores e profissionais da saúde para garantir ambientes seguros e eficazes no combate a infecções.
This study aimed to identify the aerobic capacity enhancement and subsequent body weight (BW) status of obese Zucker rats (OZRs) after 4 weeks of treadmill running exercise at the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). In addition to obese Zucker rats (OZRs), lean Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs) were used, and both species were divided into control and exercise groups as follows: obese exercise (OZR-EX, n=5), obese control (OZR-CON, n=5), lean exercise (WKY-EX, n=5) and lean control (WKY-CON, n=5). The OZR and WKY exercise groups trained 5 days per week at 12.5 m.min−1 and 20 m.min−1, respectively. After 4 weeks of training, MLSS was ascertained to evaluate the animals’ aerobic capacity using 3 different velocities (12.5, 15 and 17.5 m.min−1 for OZRs and 25, 30 and 35 m.min−1 for WKYs). The MLSS of OZR-EX was identified at the velocity of 15 m.min−1, representing a 20% increase in aerobic capacity after the exercise program. The MLSS of WKY-EX was identified at 30 m.min−1 with a 50% increase of in aerobic capacity. Obese animals that exercised showed reduced weight gain compared to the non-exercise obese control group (p <0.05). Our results thus show that exercise training at MLSS intensity increased the aerobic capacity in both obese and non-obese animals and also reduced BW gain.
During coffee seed development, proteins are predominantly deposited in cotyledons and in the endosperm. Reserve proteins of the 11S family are the most abundant globulins in coffee seeds, acting as a nitrogen source during roasting and guaranteeing flavor and aroma. The aim of the present study was to compare the protein profiles of endosperm and zygotic embryos of coffee seeds. Proteins were extracted from whole seed as well as from embryo and endosperm, separately. Total proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by identification by mass spectrometry (MS). The most abundant spots observed in the gels of coffee seeds were excised, digested with trypsin, and identified by MS as subunits of the 11S globulin. Spots with identical pI and molecular masses were also observed in the protein profiles of coffee endosperm and embryo, indicating that 11S protein is also highly expressed in those tissues. Peptide sequence coverage of about 20% of the entire 11S globulin was obtained. Three other proteins were identified in the embryo and endosperm 2-DE profiles as a Cupin superfamily protein, an allergenic protein (Pru ar 1), exclusive to the endosperm 2D map, and a hypothetical protein, observed only in the zygotic embryo profile.
Abstract Background Citrus sudden death (CSD), a disease that rapidly kills orange trees, is an emerging threat to the Brazilian citrus industry. Although the causal agent of CSD has not been definitively determined, based on the disease's distribution and symptomatology it is suspected that the agent may be a new strain of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). CTV genetic variation was therefore assessed in two Brazilian orange trees displaying CSD symptoms and a third with more conventional CTV symptoms. Results A total of 286 RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase (RdRp) and 284 heat shock protein 70 homolog (HSP70h) gene fragments were determined for CTV variants infecting the three trees. It was discovered that, despite differences in symptomatology, the trees were all apparently coinfected with similar populations of divergent CTV variants. While mixed CTV infections are common, the genetic distance between the most divergent population members observed (24.1% for RdRp and 11.0% for HSP70h) was far greater than that in previously described mixed infections. Recombinants of five distinct RdRp lineages and three distinct HSP70h lineages were easily detectable but respectively accounted for only 5.9 and 11.9% of the RdRp and HSP70h gene fragments analysed and there was no evidence of an association between particular recombinant mosaics and CSD. Also, comparisons of CTV population structures indicated that the two most similar CTV populations were those of one of the trees with CSD and the tree without CSD. Conclusion We suggest that if CTV is the causal agent of CSD, it is most likely a subtle feature of population structures within mixed infections and not merely the presence (or absence) of a single CTV variant within these populations that triggers the disease.