To decide whether antireflux surgery should be used in the presence of vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) in children, in whom an augmentation procedure is needed, because secondary VUR in children with a neurogenic bladder, infravesical obstruction and primary VUR in the exstrophy-epispadias complex is expected to resolve after augmentation, which decreases the intravesical pressure and increases capacity.Between 1987 and 2001, the bladder was augmented in 38 children, using no antireflux surgery in group 1 (15 patients) and antireflux surgery in group 2 (23 patients).VUR was detected in all patients on cysto-urethrography before surgery; reflux resolved after augmentation cystoplasty in 97% and 93% of refluxing units in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The increase in the expected bladder capacity was from 35% to 86% in group 1 and from 38% to 90% in group 2. No patient had any deterioration in renal function.We recommend using only augmentation in patients with low- or high-grade VUR and a neurogenic bladder, infravesical obstruction and exstrophy-epispadias. Combining antireflux surgery with cystoplasty has no significant effect on either the resolution of VUR or renal function.
Bladder diverticula can be congenital or acquired in children.In this study, we present three male patients with congenital bladder diverticulum who underwent laparoscopic diverticulum excision.The main presenting symptoms of the patients were abdominal pain and urinary tract infection.Two patients also had vesicoureteral reflux.Postoperatively, symptoms associated with the urinary system disappeared in all patients.Laparoscopic diverticulum excision is preferred as an effective surgical method in children.
Background.- Neonatal surgical mortality has decreased with the establishment of neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and mechanical ventilation (MV). The main indications for MV in the NICU patients are immaturity of lungs in preterm newborns and congenital or acquired lung infections. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), abdominal wall defects, esophageal atresia and congenital gastrointestinal anomalies are major surgical indications for MV in NICU patients. The aim of this study was to determine the results of MV treatment and discuss the role of pediatric surgical team in such cases. Design.- A retrospective analysis of all consecutive admissions to pediatric surgical neonatal intensive care unit was performed five years (1995-1999). The cases that underwent MV were examined for age, gender, duration of hospitalization, medications, indications, yearly distribution and mortality. Results.- In this study 489 newborn were evaluated. The mean birth weight and the mean age of infants were 2750g and 3,5 days respectively. The male: Female ratio was 2:1. Total 166 neonates (34%) were mechanically ventilated. The most common indication for the MV was CDH (77.1%). The overall mortality in mechanical ventilated patients was 53,6%, however this rate decreased in recent years. The most frequent reason for the mortality was CDH (62,2%). Conclusion.- MV of newborns is a complex and invasive procedure. In our country most of, the pediatricians are not familiar with neonatal pediatric surgical problems due to the deficiency in the numbers of children hospitals. Therefore many pediatric surgeons should handle MV in their own departments. In conclusion, this study shows the improvement in the results of MV, by the increasing experience and improved training programs MV pediatric surgical NICU. * Anahtar Kelimeler: Yenidogan cerrahisi, mekanik ventilasyon, mortalite * Key Words: Neonatal surgery, mechanical ventilation, mortality
Background: The incidence of gallstones in children has increased in recent years. Risk factors that increase the formation of bile duct stones have been described in children, and discussions are ongoing about surgical indications of uncomplicated gallstones. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of risk factors on gallstone-induced complications and identify surgical indications for uncomplicated gallstones in children. Methods: Patients who had a cholecystectomy in the pediatric surgery clinic between October 2011 and January 2018 were evaluated. Data including age and sex, body mass index (BMI), associated risk factors, gallstone-induced complications, postoperative complications, postoperative complaints, and pathological results were recorded. Results: Seventy-two patients were included in the study. The mean age was 13.2 years with a female-to-male ratio of 2.27:1. Obesity was the most common risk factor (25%). A total of 44% of the patients experienced a complication on admission. The risk factors had no effect on the development of complications. The patients underwent cholecystectomy, but some symptoms persisted in thirteen patients postoperatively (18.1%). Ten of these patients did not have any risk factors; however, chronic cholecystitis findings were not identified in six specimens of those with uncomplicated gallstones. Conclusions: The risk factors have no influence on the development of gallstone-induced complications in children. Gallstones were cured with cholecystectomy; however, some complaints persisted in risk-free and uncomplicated gallstones. We think that if there are no risk factors in patients with uncomplicated gallstones, the patients should not receive surgery but be closely monitored.
Objective: In this study we aimed to investigate the type of enteral feeding in newborns that have been operated for various reasons. Materials and methods: We investigated retrospectively the cases which were diagnosed, treated and followed up in our surgical intensive care unit between 2001 and 2002. All cases were studied according to their age at presentation, weight, initiation and mode of oral feeding. Six groups were setup for the investigation: patients with laparatomy and resection anastomosis (group 1), patients with laparatomy without intestinal resection anastomosis (group 2), patients with stoma (group 3), patients operated for esophageal atresia (group 4), patients with toracotomy (group 5) and the others (sacrococcygeal teratoma, urinary system pathologies etc, group 6). Results: 44 cases were included in our study. Female/male ratio was 1/3 and the mean age at presentation was 3, 4 days (1-33). The mean weight was 2695 gm (12863960). Group1 (n=11): The mean duration between operation and initiation of enteral feeding was 4, 8 days (1-6). While 9 cases were being fed orally 2 cases were started nasogastric feeding. Feeding was in the mode of 3+1 (3 hours continuously + 1 hour interval and checking residue). Feeding was increased gradually according to the amount of residue. Group 2 (n=8): The mean duration between operation and initiation of enteral feeding in these cases was 3, 5 days (1-14) and the mean amount was 9,5cc (2-30). All the cases were started to be fed orally and increased gradually. Group 3 (n=10): The mean duration between operation and initiation of enteral feeding in these cases was 1,5 days (1-3) and the mean amount was 5cc. Group 4 (n=8): In esophagial atresia cases duration of time of starting feeding was 4,3 days (3-6). 5 cases were started orally and 3 cases with nasogastric mode with the amount of 3,3cc (3-5). Group 5 (n=2): Cases with toracotomy were fed posoperatively on day 1 with 5cc. Group 6 (n=6): All other cases were fed postoperatively on day 1 with 15cc (5-30). Conclusion: In this study, the cases in which intestinal resection was performed were found to be fed latest and oral feeding was the type of feeding preference. Except for the clinically high risk cases (short bowel syndrome, sepsis and ventilator therapy) postoperative early enteral feeding can be tolerated easily in the newborn patients and with this feeding strategy the complications of parenteral feeding can be avoided.
Hemorrhoidal disease (HD), though mostly seen in adults, has recently emerged as a common problem among children. However, the diagnosis and treatment of HD in children is mostly based on the data obtained in adult studies. In this study, we aimed to evaluate risk factors, diagnostic and treatment modalities in the children diagnosed with external HD.
Amac: Pediatrik pratikte rejiyonal anestezi kullaniminda gittikce artan bir yaklasim vardir. Bu randomize calisma tek doz epidural blok ile dorsal penis sinir blogunun (DPSB) pediatrik penis cerrahide postoperatif analjezi icin kullanildiginda, guvenligi ve etkinliginin karsilastirilmasi amaclandi. Yontem: Calismaya 5–14 yaslari arasinda, penis operasyonu yapilan 60 cocuk dahil edildi. Tum cocuklar propofol, fentanil, sevofluran ve oksijen icinde %50 N2O kullanarak standart genel anestezi verildi. Bupivakain (%0.25) (0/2 ml/kg) hem kaudal epidural blok hemde DPSB icin kullanildi. Postoperatif 24 saat boyunca hastalarin agri skorlari ve sedasyon seviyeleri takip edildi. Ilk analjezi gereksinim zamanlari kaydedildi. Modifiye Objektif Agri Skalasina gore agri skoru 3 ya da daha az olan hastalarin analjezik ihtiyaci oldugu kabul edildi ve oral yada suppozituvar olarak 20 mg/kgasetoaminofen ile tedavi edildi. Bulgular: Postoperatif donemde agri skorlari, sedasyon duzeyleri ve analjezik gereksinimleri her iki grupta da benzer bulundu. Motor blogun uzamasi ve parestezi iki gurupta da gozlenmedi. Sonuc: Tek doz kaudal epidural blok ile DPSB penis cerrahisini takiben, postoperatif analjezik ozellikleri bakimindan guvenli ve etkin yontemlerdir. Her iki teknik de penis cerrahisi geciren cocuklarda postoperatif analjezi icin elverisli alternatifler olarak kabul edilebilir