Taiwoo Park

Michigan State University

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Junehwa Song

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Inseok Hwang

Pohang University of Science and Technology

Youngki Lee

Sungkyunkwan University

Uichin Lee

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Chungkuk Yoo

IBM Research - Austin

Hyuk‐Jae Jang

Kyung Hee University

Miri Moon

Kyungnam University

Sungwon Peter Choe

UPMC Health System

Yunseok Rhee

Hankuk University of Foreign Studies

Lama Nachman

Intel (United States)

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Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Michigan State University

Kootenay Association for Science & Technology

Yonsei University

Michigan United

Seoul National University

Korea University

Kyung Hee University

Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology

University of California, Los Angeles

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Human factors of speed-based exergame controllers

Taiwoo Park Uichin Lee I. Scott MacKenzie Miri Moon Inseok Hwang

Exergame controllers are intended to add fun to monotonous exercise. However, studies on exergame controllers mostly focus on designing new controllers and exploring specific application domains without analyzing human factors, such as performance, comfort, and effort. In this paper, we examine the characteristics of a speed-based exergame controller that bear on human factors related to body movement and exercise. Users performed tasks such as changing and maintaining exercise speed for avatar control while their performance was measured. The exergame controller follows Fitts' law, but requires longer movement time than a gamepad and Wiimote. As well, resistance force and target speed affect performance. User experience data confirm that the comfort and mental effort are adequate as practical game controllers. The paper concludes with discussion on applying our findings to practical exergame design.

Fitts's law

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10.1145/2556288.2557091

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Citations (12)

World Of Riders

Lucas Martins de Souza Irem Yildirim Anya Kolesnichenko Taiwoo Park

In the future, people will go to gym not only to workout, but also to have fun. Gym clients will not need to worry about their workout anymore, they will have different games that they can play by using different exercise devices. Those games are fun, engaging and effective. Players through a cooperative or competitive environment (depending on the game) can have fun while unconsciously exercising. Gyms will be a place of social interaction and fun for everybody. World of Riders1 is a first approach to make this prediction become true. World of Riders is a virtual reality (VR) based massive multiplayer online exergame, players join a match as soon as they start exercising, in the match they are able to see other players and they have to work together to defeat a boss. In order to play the game, the player have to move to certain areas on the map. The game is designed to let players vary their exercise intensity over time to implement a high intensity interval training. Players also are able to exchange items during the fight to help each other and so cooperation is one of the features of the game

Boss

10.1145/2968120.2971807

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AirSense

Biyi Fang Qiumin Xu Taiwoo Park Mi Zhang

In the U.S., people spend approximately 90 percent of their time indoors. Unfortunately, indoor air quality (IAQ) may be two to five times worse than the air outdoors, and is often overlooked. Existing IAQ monitoring technologies focus on IAQ measurements and visualization. However, the lack of information about the pollution sources as well as the seriousness of the pollution makes people feel powerless and frustrated, resulting in the ignorance of the polluted air at their homes. In this work, we fill this critical gap by presenting AirSense, an intelligent home-based IAQ sensing system that is able to automatically detect pollution events, identify pollution sources, estimate personal exposure to indoor air pollution, and provide actionable suggestions to help people improve IAQ. We have deployed AirSense at five homes to evaluate its performance and investigate how users interact with it. We demonstrate that AirSense can accurately detect pollution events, identify pollution sources, and forecast IAQ information within five minutes in both controlled and real-world settings. We further show the great potential of AirSense in increasing users' awareness of IAQ and helping them better manage IAQ at their homes.

10.1145/2971648.2971720

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Demo

Taiwoo Park Jinwon Lee Inseok Hwang Chungkuk Yoo Lama Nachman

We demonstrate E-Gesture, a collaborative architecture for energy-efficient gesture recognition on a hand-worn sensor device and an off-the-shelf smartphone that greatly reduces energy consumption while achieving high accuracy recognition under dynamic mobile situations. E-gesture employs a novel gesture segmentation and classification architecture carefully crafted by studying sporadic occurrence patterns of gestures in continuous sensor data streams and analyzing energy consumption characteristics in both sensor and smartphone.

10.1145/1999995.2000034

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Dungeons & swimmers

Haechan Lee Miri Moon Taiwoo Park Inseok Hwang Uichin Lee

We propose Dungeons & Swimmers, an interactive audio- and motion-based exergame for swimming. As the first of its kind, we explore its design considerations and opportunities stemming from swimming. We gamify the four different stroke types with an auditory feedback. For minimal interference, we develop a single sensor-based wearable prototype detecting the strokes and stroke types in real time. We conduct a pilot deployment to study initial user experiences.

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Sonification

10.1145/2494091.2494180

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Embodied Motivation: Spatial and Temporal Aspects of Approach and Avoidance in Virtual Reality

Media Psychology (2021)

Joomi Lee Allison Eden Taiwoo Park David R. Ewoldsen Gary Bente

This study investigates how object affordances modulate approach and avoidance behaviors in virtual reality (VR). The primary hypotheses are that 1) motivational relevance shapes facilitation or inhibition of behaviors while interacting with virtual objects, and that 2) approach-avoidance can be quantified using spatial and temporal aspects of behavior in VR. An experiment was conducted to track and examine user behaviors during a virtual photo-sorting task that used images with varying valence and arousal levels. Spatial indicators of approach and avoidance were operationalized as the distance between the individual and the photo during the task. Temporal indicators were operationalized as the speed and latency of gazing at the objects, selection order, and sorting behavior. Results show that stimulus valence and arousal significantly affect speed and latency during object selection, demonstrating motivational reactions to virtual objects. Exploratory analyses also revealed varying patterns of object selection across individuals. Overall, this study has implications for the design of virtual environments and supports the use of VR technology in studying motivational processes and behaviors relevant for media psychologists.

Affordance

10.1080/15213269.2021.1968439

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SLM as Guardian: Pioneering AI Safety with Small Language Models

arXiv (Cornell University) (2024)

Ohjoon Kwon Donghyeon Jeon Nayoung Choi Gyu-Hwung Cho Chang-Bong Kim

Most prior safety research of large language models (LLMs) has focused on enhancing the alignment of LLMs to better suit the safety requirements of humans. However, internalizing such safeguard features into larger models brought challenges of higher training cost and unintended degradation of helpfulness. To overcome such challenges, a modular approach employing a smaller LLM to detect harmful user queries is regarded as a convenient solution in designing LLM-based system with safety requirements. In this paper, we leverage a smaller LLM for both harmful query detection and safeguard response generation. We introduce our safety requirements and the taxonomy of harmfulness categories, and then propose a multi-task learning mechanism fusing the two tasks into a single model. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, providing on par or surpassing harmful query detection and safeguard response performance compared to the publicly available LLMs.

Guardian

10.48550/arxiv.2405.19795

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JediFlight

Jungpil Yoon Seungwoo Lee Taiwoo Park

This paper explores a potential of virtual reality (VR) to enable a flying experience through virtually extended human limbs, i.e., wings. We envision a user engaged in an adventurous VR flight experience while interacting with surrounding environment, and propose a prototype VR game, JediFlight. The interaction mechanic of JediFlight features a natural, simultaneous manipulation of two virtual limbs (i.e., wing and arm) by one limb (i.e., arm) by harnessing hand and elbow position trackers. We conduct a human-subject study to examine the overall experience of wing-based flying mechanism with a realistic multitasking gameplay scenario. We present six design themes that can be utilized to design VR games and applications featuring extended avatar representation and manipulation.

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Human multitasking

Representation

10.1145/3270316.3273043

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Citations (6)

SLM as Guardian: Pioneering AI Safety with Small Language Model

Ohjoon Kwon Donghyeon Jeon Nayoung Choi Gyu-Hwung Cho Hwiyeol Jo

Guardian

10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-industry.99

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MobyDick

Woohyeok Choi Jeungmin Oh Taiwoo Park Seongjun Kang Miri Moon

The unique aquatic nature of swimming makes it very difficult to use social or technical strategies to mitigate the tediousness of monotonous exercises. In this study, we propose MobyDick, a smartphone-based multi-player exergame designed to be used while swimming, in which a team of swimmers collaborate to hunt down a virtual monster. In this paper, we present a novel, holistic game design that takes into account both human factors and technical challenges. Firstly, we perform a comparative analysis of a variety of wireless networking technologies in the aquatic environment and identify various technical constraints on wireless networking. Secondly, we develop a single phone-based inertial and barometric stroke activity recognition system to enable precise, real-time game inputs. Thirdly, we carefully devise a multi-player interaction mode viable in the underwater environment highly limiting the abilities of human communication. Finally, we prototype MobyDick on waterproof off-the-shelf Android phones, and deploy it to real swimming pool environments (n = 8). Our qualitative analysis of user interview data reveals certain unique aspects of multi-player swimming games.

Limiting

10.1145/2668332.2668352

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Citations (30)