Shailesh Gurung

Tribhuvan University

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M.B. Farnell

Texas A&M University

Dan Zhao

Sanya University

Yuhua Z. Farnell

Texas A&M University

Darrel K. Styles

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Gregory S. Archer

Texas A&M University

Dima White

University of Georgia

J.A. Byrd

Agricultural Research Service

Vimal Selvaraj

New York State College of Agriculture & Life Sciences

E.D. Peebles

Mississippi State University

Tiffany G. Kei

Cornell University

Cooperative Institutions

Tribhuvan University

Cornell University

Texas A&M University

Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science

New York State College of Agriculture & Life Sciences

Mississippi State University

Agriculture and Forestry University

Bangladesh Agricultural University

North Carolina State University

New York State College of Veterinary Medicine

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Study the Status of Fish Farming in Shiktahan VDC of Rupandehi District of Nepal

Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture & Health Sciences (2016)

Shailesh Gurung Suraj Kumar Singh Sujan Bhattarai

A research was conducted in 30 households to study the status of fish farming in Shiktahan VDC of Rupandehi district in 2014. It was found that 26.67% of respondent have pond area between 0.25-0.5 kattha, where as 43.33%, 16.67% and 13.3% have 0.51-0.75, 0.76-1 and above 1 kattha respectively. Common carp, Grass carp, Big head carp, Rohu and Naini was cultivated in 86.6%, 93.3%, 40%, 63.33% and 6.7% household respectively. Among the total stock of fingerlings, 39.62% was of Silver carp, 17.76% of Common carp, 16.39% of grass carp, 9.72% of big head carp, 13.84% of Rohu, 2.67% of Naini were found. Comparing the total harvest, 44.78% was obtained from Silver carp, 18.87% from commom carp, 14.17% from grass carp, 11.3% from Rohu, 8.53% from Bighead carp and 2.32% from Naini. Similarly, in case of total income, 36.29% was found from Silver carp, 20.1% from Common carp, 19.54% from grass carp, 12.2% from Bighead carp, 10.08% from Rohu, 1.79% from Naini. The study concluded that fish farming has helped to uplift economic development of rural VDC member.

Bighead carp

Grass carp

Common carp

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Making sense of the market: Assessing the participatory market chain approach to aquaculture value chain development in Nepal and Bangladesh

Aquaculture (2017)

Khondker Murshed-e-Jahan Hazrat Ali Varsha Upraity Shailesh Gurung G. Dhar

Value chain

Value (mathematics)

Market development

Chain (unit)

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.06.003

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Citations (16)

Foam or spray application of agricultural chemicals to clean and disinfect layer cages

The Journal of Applied Poultry Research (2018)

Dima White Shailesh Gurung Dan Zhao Tom Tabler C.D. McDaniel

A rapid and effective means to clean and disinfect premises is needed by the poultry industry. We hypothesized that commercially available foaming disinfectants and cleaners applied via a compressed air foam system (CAFS) may be used to significantly reduce aerobic bacteria in a commercial caged layer complex. Six field trials were conducted to evaluate current industry cleaning and disinfection protocols and the proposed CAFS application. A commercially available chlorinated alkaline foaming cleaner (CHL/ALK) was applied in trials 1 and 2 by CAFS to one half of the house, and the other half of the house was not treated. The entire house was then washed with a high-pressure water rinse (HPWR). A commercially available peroxyacetic acid (PAA) in trials 3 and 4 or a 14% glutaraldehyde (HI GLUT)/2.5% quaternary ammonia (QAC) blended disinfectant in trials 5 and 6 was applied by CAFS to one half of a washed house. The remainder of the house was then treated with a 7% glutaraldehyde (LO GLUT)/26% QAC, which was spray-applied to cages by the integrator. Environmental swabs of drinker cups and cage floors were collected pre- and post-treatment to determine if aerobic bacteria were reduced. The HPWR and the CHL/ALK treatments did not consistently reduce bacteria on treated surfaces. Significant differences were observed with each of the CAFS applications of the PAA product, resulting in bacterial reductions of 1.83 to 2.27 log10 cfu/sample. Although inconsistent, differences (P < 0.05) were observed with the spray application of the 0.4% (v/v) LO GLUT/QAC with bacterial reductions of 0.42 to 2.15 log10 cfu/sample on both surfaces. The CAFS application of the 1.6% (v/v) HI GLUT/QAC resulted in bacterial reductions (P < 0.05) of 3.11 to 3.78 log10 cfu/sample. These data suggest that the application of 3.0% (v/v) PAA or a 1.6% (v/v) HI GLUT/QAC via CAFS may be used to consistently and significantly reduce aerobic bacteria in a commercial layer complex.

Disinfectant

Glutaraldehyde

10.3382/japr/pfx069

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Citations (13)

RhoA/ROCK signaling antagonizes bovine trophoblast stem cell self-renewal and regulates preimplantation embryo size and differentiation

Development (2022)

Viju Vijayan Pillai Tiffany G. Kei Shailesh Gurung Moubani Das L. G. B. Siqueira

Exponential proliferation of trophoblast stem cells (TSC) is crucial in Ruminantia to maximize numerical access to caruncles, the restricted uterine sites that permit implantation. When translating systems biology of the undifferentiated bovine trophectoderm, we uncovered that inhibition of RhoA/Rock promoted self-renewing proliferation and substantially increased blastocyst size. Analysis of transcripts suppressed by Rock inhibition revealed transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) as a primary upstream effector. TGFβ1 treatment induced changes consistent with differentiation in bTSCs, a response that could be replicated by induced expression of the bovine ROCK2 transgene. Rocki could partially antagonize TGFβ1 effects, and TGFβ receptor inhibition promoted proliferation identical to Rocki, indicating an all-encompassing upstream regulation. Morphological differentiation included formation of binucleate cells and infrequent multinucleate syncytia, features we also localize in the in vivo bovine placenta. Collectively, we demonstrate a central role for TGFβ1, RhoA and Rock in inducing bTSC differentiation, attenuation of which is sufficient to sustain self-renewal and proliferation linked to blastocyst size and preimplantation development. Unraveling these mechanisms augments evolutionary/comparative physiology of the trophoblast cell lineage and placental development in eutherians.

Trophoblast

Inner cell mass

10.1242/dev.200115

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Citations (6)

Depopulation of Caged Layer Hens with a Compressed Air Foam System

Animals (2018)

Shailesh Gurung J.L. Hoffman K. Stringfellow Daad Abi-Ghanem Dan Zhao

During the 2014-2015 US highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak, 50.4 million commercial layers and turkeys were affected, resulting in economic losses of $3.3 billion. Rapid depopulation of infected poultry is vital to contain and eradicate reportable diseases like HPAI. The hypothesis of the experiment was that a compressed air foam (CAF) system may be used as an alternative to carbon dioxide (CO₂) inhalation for depopulating caged layer hens. The objective of this study was to evaluate corticosterone (CORT) and time to cessation of movement (COM) of hens subjected to CAF, CO₂ inhalation, and negative control (NEG) treatments. In Experiment 1, two independent trials were conducted using young and spent hens. Experiment 1 consisted of five treatments: NEG, CO₂ added to a chamber, a CO₂ pre-charged chamber, CAF in cages, and CAF in a chamber. In Experiment 2, only spent hens were randomly assigned to three treatments: CAF in cages, CO₂ added to a chamber, and aspirated foam. Serum CORT levels of young hens were not significantly different among the CAF in cages, CAF in a chamber, NEG control, and CO₂ inhalation treatments. However, spent hens subjected to the CAF in a chamber had significantly higher CORT levels than birds in the rest of the treatments. Times to COM of spent hens subjected to CAF in cages and aspirated foam were significantly greater than of birds exposed to the CO₂ in a chamber treatment. These data suggest that applying CAF in cages is a viable alternative for layer hen depopulation during a reportable disease outbreak.

Compressed air

10.3390/ani8010011

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Citations (15)

Efficient induction and sustenance of pluripotent stem cells from bovine somatic cells

Biology Open (2021)

Viju Vijayan Pillai Prasanthi P. Koganti Tiffany G. Kei Shailesh Gurung W.R. Butler

Although derivation of naïve bovine embryonic stem cells is unachieved, the possibility for generation of bovine induced pluripotent stem cells (biPSCs) has been generally reported. However, attempts to sustain biPSCs by promoting self-renewal have not been successful. Methods established for maintaining murine and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) do not support self-renewal of iPSCs for any bovid species. In this study, we examined methods to enhance complete reprogramming and concurrently investigated signaling relevant to pluripotency of the bovine blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM). First, we identified that forced expression of SV40 large T antigen together with the reprogramming genes (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC) substantially enhanced the reprogramming efficacy of bovine fibroblasts to biPSCs. Second, we uncovered that TGFβ signaling is actively perturbed in the ICM. Inhibition of ALK4/5/7 to block TGFβ/activin/nodal signaling together with GSK3β and MEK1/2 supported robust in vitro self-renewal of naïve biPSCs with unvarying colony morphology, steady expansion, expected pluripotency gene expression and committed differentiation plasticity. Core similarities between biPSCs and stem cells of the 16-cell-stage bovine embryo indicated a stable ground state of pluripotency; this allowed us to reliably gain predictive understanding of signaling in bovine pluripotency using systems biology approaches. Beyond defining a high-fidelity platform for advancing biPSC-based biotechnologies that have not been previously practicable, these findings also represent a significant step towards understanding corollaries and divergent aspects of bovine pluripotency. This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.

Reprogramming

KLF4

Homeobox protein NANOG

Cell potency

Inner cell mass

10.1242/bio.058756

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Citations (16)

Evaluation of layer cage cleaning and disinfection regimens

The Journal of Applied Poultry Research (2017)

Dima White Shailesh Gurung Dan Zhao Yuhua Z. Farnell J.A. Byrd

Layer cage cleaning and disinfection are important for disease prevention; however, published research is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of commonly used products on soiled layer cages. Trial one was conducted at a university poultry research farm, and trial two was completed in a commercial pullet house. All products were mixed according to manufacturer recommendations. Treatments consisted of a negative control, a low-pressure water rinse (LPWR, garden hose), a high-pressure water rinse (HPWR, power washer), a soap, a chlorinated cleaner, a quaternary ammonium, a glutaraldehyde, a peroxyacetic acid, a phenolic, a potassium peroxymonosulfate, a hydrogen peroxide, and a quaternary/glutaraldehyde blend product. Swabs of cage floors were collected post treatment to determine if bacterial loads were reduced (P < 0.05) as compared to the appropriate controls. Aerobic bacteria were significantly reduced by 4 disinfectants in trial one and by all 7 disinfectants in trial two as compared to the HPWR control. No treatment in the first trial decreased (P < 0.05) coliforms or Staphylococcus spp. when compared to untreated control cages and the HPWR. However, reduction (P < 0.05) of coliforms and Staphylococcus spp. were observed with all disinfectants in trial two. Two disinfectant products reduced (P < 0.05) Pseudomonas spp. in trial one, and 5 disinfectant products reduced Pseudomonas spp. in trial two. These data suggest that characteristics of cleaning and disinfection regimens can vary significantly and should be taken into consideration when choosing a chemistry for disinfecting agricultural surfaces.

Disinfectant

Glutaraldehyde

Coliform bacteria

10.3382/japr/pfx056

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Citations (6)

Evaluation of Alternative Euthanasia Methods of Neonatal Chickens

Animals (2018)

Shailesh Gurung Dima White Gregory S. Archer Dan Zhao Yuhua Z. Farnell

Hatched male layer chicks are currently euthanized by maceration in the United States. Public concerns on the use of maceration have led to the search for alternative methods. We hypothesized that gas inhalation and low atmospheric pressure stunning (LAPS) are viable and humane alternatives to instantaneous mechanical destruction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological and behavioral responses of recently hatched male layer chicks when subjected to carbon dioxide, nitrogen inhalation, or LAPS. The study consisted of seven treatments: breathing air (NEG), 25% carbon dioxide (CO₂), 50% CO₂, 75% CO₂, 90% CO₂, 100% nitrogen (N₂), or LAPS. Ten day-of-hatch, male layer chicks were randomly assigned to each treatment, and each treatment was replicated on ten different days. A custom-made vacuum system was used to reduce air pressure inside the chamber from 100.12 kPa to 15.3 kPa for the LAPS treatment. Serum corticosterone and serotonin levels were measured using commercially available competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Latencies to loss of posture and motionlessness were determined from video recordings. The 25% and 50% CO₂ treatments were discontinued after the first replication, as the majority of the chicks recovered. The chicks in the negative (NEG) group had significantly higher levels of corticosterone than the other four euthanasia treatments. On the other hand, the serotonin levels of chicks in the NEG group was significantly lower when compared to the other four euthanasia treatments. The latencies to loss of posture and motionlessness of chicks exposed to 75% and 90% CO₂ were significantly shorter than those in the LAPS and N₂ inhalation treatments. These data suggest that the stress responses of chicks to the CO₂, N₂, and LAPS treatments do not differ among each other. However, the CO₂ inhalation method was faster in inducing loss of posture and motionlessness in chicks than the LAPS and N₂ inhalation treatments.

Maceration (sewage)

Corticosterone

10.3390/ani8030037

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Citations (23)

Growth Performance and Feeding Efficiency of Goldfish (Carassius auratus) and Red Cap Oranda Fish (Carassius auratus auratus) by Using Different Locally Prepared Feed Mixed with Different Plant Extracts at Paklihawa, Nepal

Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (2018)

Shailesh Gurung Kailash Bohara Roshan Babu Adhikari A. Bista Shalini Singh

A research was done at Aquaculture department laboratory of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Paklihawa Campus, Rupandehi from 28 February 2017 to 28 April 2017 using two ornamental fishes; Goldfish (Carassius auratus) and Red cap oranda (Carassius auratus auratus) . Twelve rectangular glass aquarium of size of 12” × 24” × 12” were used for the purpose to assess the growth performance and feeding efficiency. Four treatments selected for this purpose were local feed containing rice bran and mustard oil cake (MOC) in T1 (Control), Local Feed with 5% Cassava leaves powder in T2, Local Feed with 5% Sweet Potato leaves powder in T3 and Local Feed with 5% Colocasia leaves powder 5% T4 during the experimental period. The initial weight of red cap was significantly lower in T3 as compared to T1 but was at par with T2 and T4. Furthermore, the final weight was not significantly different among the treatments. In case of goldfish, the initial weight at T4 was significantly lower than T2 but was at par among other treatments. The final weight was significantly higher in T2 as compared to T4 and T3 was at par with T1. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed higher in case of T2 (6.981±3.14) and lower in case of T3 (3.325±0.48). However, no significant difference was noticed among the treatments. Specific growth rate (SGR) was observed higher in T3 (0.0370±0.088) as compared to other treatments. However, in this case also, no significant difference was observed. Survivability percentage for red cap fish was observed higher in T3 (100±0.00) and least inT2 (50.000±40.82), whereas, survivability was 100% for goldfish in all the treatments. The average survivability was highest (100%) in T3 for both kinds of fishes and minimum in T2 (75±20.41). Also, the mean pH observed at T1, T2, T3 and T4 was 9.165, 9.222, 9.196 and 9.172 respectively. Similarly, daily mean dissolved oxygen recorded at T1, T2, T3 and T4 was 6.23 mg/l, 6.16 mg/l, 6.267mg/l and 6.147 mg/l respectively. Moreover, the mean average temperature recorded in these four treatments; T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 23.342°>C, 23.272°C, 23.342°C and 23.339°C respectively.

Carassius auratus

Ornamental plant

10.3126/jiaas.v35i1.22558

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Comparative Evaluation of Broad Leaf Mustard (BLM) under Different Boron Concentrations in Outdoor Barrel Aquaponics at IAAS, Paklihawa

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology (2019)

Sabita Gyawali Prashant Chaudhary Mohan Chaudhary Shailesh Gurung Rukmagat Pathak

An experiment was conducted at IAAS Paklihawa, Bhairahawa from 6th October 2018 to 15th November 2018 (40 days). An open barrel Aquaponics system with a double factor RCBD type experimental design was used consisting of 3 replications and 2 factors under study. The two factors were boron concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) and BLM varieties (Marfa Chauda Paat, Manakamana and chinese-430). Marfa Chauda Paat (47.35 gm.) was the highest yielding variety followed by Manakamana (36.42 gm.) and Chinese-430 (26.82 gm.). 1% Boron was found to be the most suitable concentration among the test concentrations for leaf yield. A maximum weight gain of the fish was observed in tank 3 (96.44%) followed by tank 1 (86.26%) and tank 2 (82.18%). An excellent survival percentage of fish was observed as 88.89%, 95.56% and 91.11% in tank 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Similarly, the Average Daily Growth Rate (ADGR) was recorded to be 126.5mg, 91.5mg and 128.25mg in tank 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The Specific Growth Rate (SGR %) was obtained to be 1.26, 1.38 and 1.46 for tank 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Furthermore, final harvest weight of fish was obtained to be 437g, 349.21g and 428.2g in tanks 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(3): 359-364

Aquaponics

10.3126/ijasbt.v7i3.25698

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Citations (4)