Francesco Veraldi

National Research Council

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Giuseppe Squillaci

National Research Council

Alessandra Morana

National Research Council

Sabrina Margarucci

National Research Council

Nunzio Antonio Cacciola

University of Naples Federico II

Mariella D’Apolito

National Research Council

Francesco La Cara

National Research Council

Orsolina Petillo

National Research Council

Gianfranco Peluso

Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences

F. La Cara

National Research Council

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National Research Council

Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources

Institute of Protein Biochemistry

University of Naples Federico II

Institute of Ecosystem Study

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

University of Bologna

Sigma Tau (Italy)

Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale"

Research Institute on Sustainable Economic Growth

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Castanea sativa Mill. Shells Aqueous Extract Exhibits Anticancer Properties Inducing Cytotoxic and Pro-Apoptotic Effects

Molecules (2019)

Nunzio Antonio Cacciola Giuseppe Squillaci Mariella D’Apolito Orsolina Petillo Francesco Veraldi

In this study, chestnut shells (CS) were used in order to obtain bioactive compounds through different extraction procedures. The aqueous extracts were chemically characterized. The highest extraction yield and total phenolic content was obtained by conventional liquid extraction (CLE). Gallic and protocatechuic acids were the main simple phenols in the extract, with 86.97 and 11.20 mg/g chestnut shells dry extract (CSDE), respectively. Six tumor cell lines (DU 145, PC-3, LNCaP, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and HepG2) and one normal prostate epithelial cell line (PNT2) were exposed to increasing concentration of CSDE (1-100 µg/mL) for 24 h, and cell viability was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide MTT assay. A reduced rate in cell viability was observed in DU 145, PC-3, LNCaP, and MCF-7 cells, while viability of the other assessed cells was not affected, except for PNT2 cells at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Furthermore, CSDE-at concentrations of 55.5 and 100 µg/mL-lead to a significant increase of apoptotic cells in DU 145 cells of 28.2% and 61%, respectively. In conclusion, these outcomes suggested that CS might be used for the extraction of several polyphenols that may represent good candidates for alternative therapies or in combination with current chemotherapeutics.

Viability assay

10.3390/molecules24183401

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<em>Castanea sativa</em> Mill. Shells Aqueous Extract Exhibits Anticancer Properties Inducing Cytotoxic and Pro-apoptotic Effects

Nunzio Antonio Cacciola Giuseppe Squillaci Mariella D’Apolito Orsolina Petillo Francesco Veraldi

In this study, bioactive compounds present in chestnut shells (CS) - derived from the industrial peeling processing - were extracted through different procedures. The aqueous extracts were characterized and the highest extraction yield and total phenolic content was obtained by Conventional Liquid Extraction (CLE). Gallic and protocatechuic acids were the main simple phenols in the extract with 86.97 and 11.20 mg/g chestnut shells dry extract (CSDE), respectively. Six tumor cell lines (DU 145, PC-3, LNCaP, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and Hep G2) and one normal prostate epithelial cell line (PNT2) were exposed to increasing concentration of CSDE (1-100 µg/mL) for 24 h and cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay. A reduced rate in cell viability was observed in DU 145, PC-3, LNCaP and MCF-7 cells while viability of MDA-MB-231 and Hep G2 cells was not affected except for PNT2 cells at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. Furthermore, CSDE-at concentrations of 55.5 and 100 µg/mL- lead to a significant increase of apoptotic cells in DU 145 cells of 28.2% and 61%, respectively. In conclusion, our findings showed that CS might be used for the extraction of several polyphenols that may represent good candidates for alternative therapies or in combination with current chemotherapeutics.

Viability assay

10.20944/preprints201908.0006.v1

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Different extraction methods to produce antioxidants from agro-industrial wastes

CRC Press eBooks (2019)

Giuseppe Squillaci Francesco Veraldi F. La Cara Alessandra Morana

This study investigated different extraction techniques for production of antioxidants from chestnut shells (CS), a solid waste produced by the chestnut peeling process. Conventional and pressurized liquid extractions, ultrasound and microwave-assisted extractions were tested in presence of water as solvent, and the effect of the extraction time and CS concentrations were examined. The most efficient method was pressurized liquid extraction. The highest yields of antioxidant species, expressed in mg/mL of extract, were obtained for 10% CS after 60 min of incubation: 0.836 ± 0.018 for total phenols, 0.297 ± 0.003 for ortho-diphenols, 0.173 ± 0.002 for flavonoids and 0.545 ± 0.018 for tannins. Measurement of the radical scavenging activity indicated that all the extracts exhibited an antioxidant power stronger than that showed by commonly used antioxidants. HPLC analysis revealed only quantitative differences among the extracts, and gallic acid was the main simple phenol detected independently of the extraction method used. Its amount ranged from 159.66 ± 0.31 to 284.14 ± 0.72 μg/mL extract.

10.1201/9780429289798-5

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