Natalia Szeligowska

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

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Paulina Cholewińska

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

Konrad Wojnarowski

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

Katarzyna Czyż

Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences

Wanda Górniak

Wrocław University of Science and Technology

Jakub Smoliński

Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences

Przemysław Pokorny

Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences

Jiraporn Rojtinnakorn

Maejo University

Dušan Palić

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

Monika Greguła‐Kania

University of Life Sciences in Lublin

Hanna Moniuszko

Warsaw University of Life Sciences

Cooperative Institutions

Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

Warsaw University of Life Sciences

Maejo University

University of Wrocław

Instytut Środowiska Rolniczego i Leśnego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Wrocław University of Science and Technology

University of Life Sciences in Lublin

AGH University of Krakow

University of Economics and Innovation

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Toxicity of Low-Level Multiple-Mycotoxin Mixture in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Is Prevented with Organically Modified Clinoptilolite Feed Additive

Fishes (2024)

Wedad R. Hussein Konrad Wojnarowski Paulina Cholewińska Worrayanee Thammatorn Natalia Szeligowska

Organically modified clinoptilolite (member of the zeolite family of minerals; MinazelPlus®) feed additive, with an average weight of 30 ± 2 g, was used to prevent mycotoxicosis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) through its supplementation for 42 days to the diet contaminated with multiple mycotoxins: aflatoxin B1 (40 µg/kg), fumonisin B1 and B2 (600 µg/kg), zearalenone (50 µg/kg), and deoxynivalenol (150 µg/kg). The fish were divided randomly into four experimental groups (basal diet control—C; fed 2 g/kg MinazelPlus®—MZ; fed multiple mycotoxins—MT; and fed a combination of MinazelPlus® and multiple mycotoxins—MZ + MT). Each group consisted of triplicate aquarium setups, with six fish in each replicate. Sampling was performed in weeks 2, 4, and 6. The lymphocyte count was significantly higher in the MZ group compared with the MT group and the MT + MZ group in week 6. An overall decrease in the neutrophil count was observed in the experimental groups. Histopathological analysis was performed in weeks 2 and 6, revealing significant changes in the liver, intestines, kidney, and spleen of fish from the MT group, while the MT + MZ and MZ groups were similar to the control. The addition of 2 g/kg MinazelPlus® has the ability to prevent and reduce the adverse effects of chronic exposure to low concentrations of multiple mycotoxins in juvenile Nile tilapia.

Nile tilapia

Clinoptilolite

10.3390/fishes9110449

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Selected Alternative Feed Additives Used to Manipulate the Rumen Microbiome

Animals (2021)

Marta Michalak Konrad Wojnarowski Paulina Cholewińska Natalia Szeligowska Marcel Bawej

In recent years, a boost in the ruminant population has been observed, and consequently, an increase in the animals’ demand for nutrients and methane emissions. Methane emission is generated during the microbial fermentation of feed in the rumen, and a percentage even up to 12% of the energy obtained by this process can be wasted. In addition, the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry is being increasingly restricted. restricted. As a result, there is a continuous search for innovative feed additives that can serve as alternatives to antibiotics, and will also be safe for both people and the environment. In the present review article, additives were selected on basis that, according to studies conducted so far, may positively affect the microbiome of the digestive system by improving indicators and/or reducing methane production. Among them, probiotics, prebiotics or their combination—synbiotics are at the forefront of research. However, additives in the form of algae or plant origin are also gaining ground in popularity, such as essential oils, fermented wheat straw or Gelidium amansii, due to their general recognition as safe (GRAS) for both humans and environment.

Synbiotics

Animal Husbandry

Animal Feed

10.3390/ani11061542

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Citations (30)

Effect of Intense Exercise on the Level of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes Phyla in the Digestive System of Thoroughbred Racehorses

Animals (2021)

Wanda Górniak Paulina Cholewińska Natalia Szeligowska Magdalena Wołoszyńska Maria Soroko

Exercise significantly affects the body of both animals and humans, including the composition of the digestive microbiome. This study aimed to determine the changes in the composition of the most numerous bacterial phyla (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, as well as the level of the Lactobacillaceae family) in the digestive system of horses under the influence of physical effort. The study included a group of 17 Thoroughbred racehorses at the age of 3 years, fed the same forage, from whom feces samples were collected individually before and 48 h after physical effort. The obtained samples were subjected to DNA isolation and RT-PCR analysis. The results showed a significant increase in the level of both phyla after exercise compared to the state before physical effort; there were no such differences in the level of facultative aerobes, i.e., the Lactobacillaceae family (although a decreasing tendency was found after exercise). In addition, the analysis of the level of the studied phyla indicates individual differences in horses’ response to the effort.

10.3390/ani11020290

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Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cortisol levels vs. microbiology of the digestive system of sheep during lambing

BMC Veterinary Research (2022)

Natalia Szeligowska Paulina Cholewińska Jakub Smoliński Konrad Wojnarowski Przemysław Pokorny

Abstract Background During parturition, animals exhibit variation in hormone levels, homeostasis disturbance and dysfunction of the immune system as a result of stress. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is responsible for the occurrence of oxidative stress in the cells. Cortisol is known as the stress hormone, but it is also involved in the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and metabolism processes led by adipose tissue. The aim of the this study was to determine how the levels of GST and cortisol change depending on the parity. Additionally, the influence of lambing on the microbiological composition of the digestive system and placenta in Olkuska sheep was investigated. Methods Eighteen ewes were selected for the experiment - primiparas ( n = 9) and multiparas ( n = 9), they were kept in the same environmental conditions, had the same diet and did not show any disease symptoms. Fecal samples were collected individually from each ewe ( n = 18) and then bacterial DNA isolation was made, then qPCR analysis for Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria phyla and Lactobacillaceae family bacteria levels was performed. These samples were also used to analyze cortisol levels by ELISA test. In addition, placenta fragments were collected during delivery, and then the GST level from the tissue was tested. Results The analysis of the results showed a higher level of cortisol in primiparous sheep than in multiparous ones, as in the case of glutathione transferase. There were differences between both studied groups in the microbiological composition of the digestive system. In primiparous sheep, the levels of the tested microorganisms were significantly lower than in multiparous ones. A similar relationship occurred in the study of the placental microbiome. Conclusion The results show that sheep microbiome, cortisol and GST levels are different in primiparas and multiparas. The study conducted may constitute an introduction to further analyzes that would help positively affect the welfare and homeostasis of the female organism.

Domestic sheep reproduction

Glutathione S-transferase

10.1186/s12917-022-03201-y

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The Occurrence of Microplastics and the Formation of Biofilms by Pathogenic and Opportunistic Bacteria as Threats in Aquaculture

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2022)

Paulina Cholewińska Hanna Moniuszko Konrad Wojnarowski Przemysław Pokorny Natalia Szeligowska

Aquaculture is the most rapidly growing branch of animal production. The efficiency and quality of the produced food depends on sustainable management, water quality, feed prices and the incidence of diseases. Micro- (MP < 5 mm) and nanoplastic (NP < 1000 nm) particles are among the current factors causing serious water pollution. This substance comes solely from products manufactured by humans. MP particles migrate from the terrestrial to the aquatic environment and adversely affect, especially, the health of animals and humans by being a favorable habitat and vector for microbial pathogens and opportunists. More than 30 taxa of pathogens of humans, aquacutural animals and plants, along with opportunistic bacteria, have been detected in plastic-covering biofilm to date. The mobility and durability of the substance, combined with the relatively closed conditions in aquacultural habitats and pathogens’ affinity to the material, make plastic particles a microbiological medium threatening the industry of aquaculture. For this reason, in addition to the fact of plastic accumulation in living organisms, urgent measures should be taken to reduce its influx into the environment. The phenomenon and its implications are related to the concept of one health, wherein the environment, animals and humans affect each other’s fitness.

10.3390/ijerph19138137

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Citations (39)

Inter and intraspecies comparison of the level of selected bacterial phyla in in cattle and sheep based on feces

BMC Veterinary Research (2021)

Natalia Szeligowska Paulina Cholewińska Katarzyna Czyż Konrad Wojnarowski Marzena Janczak

Abstract Background The microbiome of the digestive tract of ruminants contains microbial ecosystem that is affected by both environmental and genetic factors. The subject of this study concerns the influence of selected genetic factors, such as species of animals and “host” individual differences on the digestive tract microbiome composition. The results show the core microbiological composition (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes) of ruminants digestive tract (based on feces) depending on breed and “host”. The Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla are the most abundant in ruminants digestive tract. The aim of the study was to determine the differences prevalence level of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla in feces of Charolaise cattle and Polish Olkuska Sheep with respect to intra- and inter-species variability. Results The research group in the experiment consisted of animals at the age of 3 months kept in the same environmental conditions – rams of Polish Olkuska Sheep ( n = 10) and Charolaise bulls ( n = 10). Feces were collected individually from each animal (animals without disease symptoms were selected), living on the same environmental conditions. The analysis of the results in terms of species showed differences in the Firmicutes phylum level and Lactobacillaceae family between rams and bulls. Subsequently, the analysis performed for the “host effect” showed differentiation in the levels of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla between individuals in a group and also between the groups. Conclusion The obtained results suggest that, apart from the diet and the environment, the species and the individual host are equally important factors influencing the microbiological composition of the digestive system of ruminants.

Bacterial phyla

Digestive tract

10.1186/s12917-021-02922-w

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Citations (18)

Dietary Mycotoxins Effects on Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Microbiomes Can Be Mitigated with Addition of Organically Modified Clinoptilolites

Microbiology Research (2024)

Waleed M. Hussein Paulina Cholewińska Konrad Wojnarowski Natalia Szeligowska Fangyuan Hu

Mechanisms of action attributed to feed additives are of continuous research interest, increasing our knowledge about the side effects (direct or indirect) of their application. The primary role of organically modified clinoptilolite is to bind multiple polar and non-polar mycotoxins contaminating the feed and remove them during the digestion process and through feces, therefore preventing adsorption and consequences of mycotoxicosis on fish health. However, it is not fully understood if this binding action can influence bacterial communities in the fish digestive tract and possibly other organs, as well as the aquatic environment. Therefore, in this study, Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) (average weight: 30 ± 2 g; n = 48) were simultaneously exposed to low-level mycotoxins (AFB1 40 µg/kg, FB 600 µg/kg, ZEN 50 µg/kg, and DON 150 µg/kg) added to diet, with and without supplementation of commercially available organically modified clinoptilolite feed additive (MinazelPlus®, 2 g/kg). After 42 days of continuous exposure, gill tissue, feces, and water were collected, and DNA was extracted from the samples. Results of RT-PCR analysis have revealed significant changes in microbiomes in fish from different groups, most prominently in mycotoxin-exposed fish. No significant changes were detected in water samples between the control and MinazelPlus® groups, confirming the safety of MinazelPlus® for aquatic microbial communities. MinazelPlus® addition to the mycotoxin spiked diet, stabilized fish natural microbiota, and prevented the disbalance of microbial homeostasis observed in fish exposed to dietary mycotoxins.

Nile tilapia

10.3390/microbiolres15040149

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Selected bacteria in sheep stool depending on breed and physiology state

Scientific Reports (2023)

Paulina Cholewińska Natalia Szeligowska Konrad Wojnarowski Paulina Nazar Monika Greguła‐Kania

Abstract One of the important factors influencing the microbial community of ruminants, besides environment or diet, are breed and physiology. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess these changes in the levels of basic microbial phyla and families. For this study, qPCR analysis was performed to determine the level of bacteria (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria clusters and Clostridiaceae , Lactobacillaceae families) in the feces of ewes of three native Polish sheep breeds (Polish Lowland Sheep (PON), Świniarka Sheep (SW), and synthetic line BCP) at different physiological periods (conception, early pregnancy, lambing, end of lactation). The animals were kept in the same environment and were at the same age (2-years). The results showed a significant effect of both breed ( p = 0.038) and physiological period ( p < 0.05, p < 0.01) on the levels of bacteria analyzed. The breed showed differences across physiological periods. The influence of the race factor was noted primarily between the BCP synthetic line and the other two breeds (differences in terms of all analyzed clusters and families except Actinobacteria phyla). In the case of SW and PON, however, the observed differences were only at the level of Proteobacteria cluster and Clostridiaceae family. On the other hand, the early pregnant and lambing periods were the most microbiologically diverse in terms of the analyzed clusters and families of bacteria.

Clostridiales

10.1038/s41598-023-38785-4

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Citations (4)

Wybrane czynniki wpływające na mikrobiom układu pokarmowego przeżuwaczy i jego skład bazowy.

Postępy Biochemii (2021)

Paulina Cholewińska Natalia Szeligowska Jakub Smoliński Maciej Bawej

Mikrobiom układu pokarmowego przeżuwaczy należy do jednych z bardziej skomplikowanych przykładów współdziałania mikroorganizmów i gospodarza. Mikrobiom układu pokarmowego przeżuwaczy niezbędny jest do pozyskiwania energii z pożywienia roślinnego, co nie byłoby możliwe bez jego udziału. Na mikrobiom układu pokarmowego składają się bakterie, archeony, pierwotniaki oraz grzyby. Najbardziej liczną grupą są bakterie, gdzie główne gromady to Firmicutes i Bacteroidetes. Skład mikrobiomu pod względem ilościowym jak i jakościowym zależny jest od czynników tj. dieta, wiek, stan zdrowia, środowisko. Dodatkowo mogą na niego wpływać czynniki genetyczne czy biologiczne (np. płeć). Mikroorganizmy bytujące w układzie pokarmowym przeżuwaczy w znaczącym stopniu wpływają na ich stan zdrowia czy wskaźniki produkcyjne, co z kolei związane jest nie tylko z prawidłowym przyswajaniem substancji odżywczych z pokarmu, ale również z funkcją mikrobiomu jako swoistego układu immunologicznego.

10.18388/pb.2021_374

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Citations (1)

Effect of Vegetable Oils Feed Additives on Endoparasites Associated with Dewormed Racing Horses

Agriculture (2021)

Wanda Górniak Hanna Moniuszko Konrad Wojnarowski Aleksander Górniak Paulina Cholewińska

The effectiveness of commonly used parasiticides decreases due to the drug resistance developed by many organisms. Therefore, the application of feed additives possessing antiparasitic properties may be helpful in limiting the burden of parasites. The aim of this research was to evaluate parasitological coefficients for endoparasites of regularly dewormed Arabian horses and Thoroughbreds, fed on a basal diet of oat and muesli with vegetable oils and/or without vitamin E. The observations revealed parasitic invasion in 25 of 27 examined horses. The most frequent in both breeds were Strongylidae—accounting for 86% of Thoroughbreds and 100% of Arabian horses. Strongyloididae were observed in 33% of individuals representing both breeds while botflies were found in one Arabian horse and one Thoroughbred. Mean EPG coefficients for strongylids and strongyloidids were higher in Thoroughbreds (530 vs. 529 and 43 vs. 29, respectively), although the differences were not statistically significant. The addition of pure linseed oil significantly reduced the number of Strongylidae in fecal samples. The results indicate that properly selected plant additives obtained from arable crops may be helpful in limiting the numbers of drug-resistant strongylids.

Limiting

10.3390/agriculture11060525

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