Clinically, the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) is used in a variety of procedures, these include anterolateral thigh flaps, aortopopliteal bypass, coronary artery bypass grafting and extracranial-intracranial bypass surgeries. Variations in the anatomy of the LCFA, profunda femoris artery (PFA) and their branches have been noted in several studies. There are numerous clinical implications related to the inadequate anatomical knowledge of this region. The study sample consisted of 55 cadavers of different ages, ancestry groups and varying body mass index. A total of 90 legs were dissected. The anterior thigh compartment was dissected and the common femoral artery (CFA), superficial femoral artery (SFA), PFA and LCFA further exposed. The course and variations were noted and results documented for further analysis. The LCFA was present in all the legs dissected. The origin of the LCFA was found to be the PFA in 75.6% of the left legs and 82.2% of the right legs dissected. In two cases, a male and female limb, the branching of the PFA from the CFA was observed directly from the external iliac artery, deep to the inguinal ligament. A variation was noted in a female cadaver, where the branches of the LCFA on the left limb had different points of origin. Another variation was noted on a male cadaver, the left limb had two different points of branching for the ascending and descending branches of the LCFA, a common trunk was absent. This study indicates that the most common site of origin for the LCFA was the PFA. The branching of the PFA from the CFA was found to be variable in 2.2% of the cases, where the PFA was a direct branch of the external iliac artery. The study also noted variations relating to the origin of the transverse branch of the LCFA, this branch was absent in 4.4% of the limbs dissected. Knowledge of the variations related to the origin of the PFA, LCFA and their branches is important in reducing the chances of intra-operative bleeding, during different surgical procedures.
Detailed knowledge of the dorsalis pedis artery (DPA) on the dorsum of the foot is required for reconstructive surgery, especially when a dorsalis pedis flap is utilised. The aim of this study was to determine the size and branching pattern of the DPA. Within the anterior tarsal tunnel of 40 cadaveric ankles, the size and branches of the DPA were measured, while the relationship of the branches of the DPA to the inferior extensor retinaculum (IER) was noted. The thickness and the locations of the DPA and its branches provided statistically significant data (p>0.05) that the DPA does not divide into equal diameter branches at the level of the ankle joint. The branching pattern of the DPA can be divided into three categories: 27.5% of the arteries arise proximal to the IER, 62.5% of the branches deep to the IER and 10% of the terminal branches distal to the IER. The measurements and locations of the branches noted should assist and inform surgeons of variations
Background: This research investigated the anatomy underlying minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty when the anterior approach was used.Methods: Ninety hips were dissected and in one cadaver, a complete hip replacement was performed.Simulations of the anterior approach surgical incisions were carried by the orthopaedic surgeon in order to see if injury to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) could be avoided, when the correct anatomical landmarks were palpated. Results:The data analysis revealed significant differences for the mean distances from the pubic tubercle to the straight head of the rectus femoris muscle.Statistical significance was detected for comparisons between males and females, for weight ranges and BMI categories. Conclusion:The study findings prove that the concerns relating to the course and distribution pattern of the LFCN and the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) using the anterior approach, could be overcome when the anatomy of the hip joint and the thigh is understood.However, it is important to note the possible variations in the course of the LFCN and the branching pattern of the LCFA in order to avoid intra-operative bleeding and possible thigh numbness post-surgery.
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