Objective: Mastoid process is the downward projection from the mastoid part of the temporal bone located posteroinferior to external auditory meatus. Mastoid process is a palpable bony structure which enables to determine the location of asterion. The aim of this study is to define details of mastoid process anatomy to enlighten surgeons, anatomists, anthropologists and forensic experts.Material and Methods: Present study was conducted on 20 skulls (20 left + 20 right=40) and 18 hemi skulls of unknown sex. All measurements were taken by two observers simultaneously by using digital caliper. Of the 58 mastoid processes 30 were right sided and 28 were left sided.Results: Mean and standard deviation of all measurements were reported on each mastoid process. The difference between right A line (distance between right asterion and right apex of mastoid process) and left A line was statistically significant (p=0.022). The difference between right D line (Vertical distance between imaginary plane from the superior border of right external auditory meatus to right apex of mastoid process) and left D line was statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusion: Mastoid process morphology and its anatomical relations are important for anatomists, neurosurgeons, anthropologists and forensic experts. As it is common centre of interest for multidisciplines, morphometry of this feature should be well defined.
Superficial Musculo-Aponeurotic System (SMAS) is a network of collagen fibers, elastic fibers and fat interconnecting facial muscles and dermis.Subcutaneous morphology of face is more organized than subcutaneous layer of any part of body.SMAS has distinctive features in forehead, parotid region, zygomatic region, temporal region, cheek, infraorbital region, nasolabial fold, and lower lip.Because SMAS is a key feature for either percutaneous and surgical aesthetic interventions, neurovascular structure embedded in this tissue must be well known.Radiologic views were enrolled from the archive system of radiology department.Images of 50 patients were randomly selected.(29 ale, 21 female).Age width of the participants was in between 18 and 78 years (mean age 40.34± 15.32).Thickness of SMAS for each region is measured.Continuity of the tissue was followed between the junctions of the regions in a proper sequence with MR images.Thickness of SMAS in the zygomatic region was measured in 50 patients and mean value was 0.12 mm.Left and right side measures were compared between genders and no statistical difference between gender groups was found.Correlation between measures and age was analyzed statistically and no correlation was found.A radiologically and clinically neglected tissue: SMAS deserves more attention because of its continuous course interconnecting distinct regions of face and acting as a functional unit for the expressions.Age and gender related changes in SMAS morphology studied in healthy individuals by means of radiology provides an important contribution to the literature
Background: The aim of the study is to analyse the demographic and anatomical details of the Huschke’s foramen (HF) which have not been previously studied and to present a new clinical perspective. Materials and methods: Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images of 495 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Presence of a HF, its’ size, relations to side, age and gender were noted for every patient. Size of the foramen was measured in the axial plane, as well as on the reconstructed coronal and sagittal planes. Results: Of the 495 patients 99 (20%) had HF. There was no significant difference between females and males according to the presence of the HF and the side of the HF. When the dimension of the left- and the right-sided HFs were compared, there were no significant differences on none of the axes for the patients with unilateral or bilateral HF. There was no significant linear correlation between age and the dimension in the axial axis, the dimension in the sagittal axis and the dimension in the coronal axis Conclusions: The present work presenting morphologic and statistical variables of HF provides data for further studies which will indicate risk factors of herniation through HF. By the aid of MDCT, which is sensitive method for detection of the HF because of its thin sections, high spatial resolution, and multiplanar capabilities, lesions which were previously diagnosed as dehiscence were found to be defects.
As far as our literature searches showed us, morphological characteristics of cranium such as sutures, sutural bones and fontanelles had been examined in the skulls in the museums and dry specimens until now. As a modern method, three-dimensional virtual reconstruction of cranial bones by using multidetector computed tomography-computed tomography angiography (MDCT-CTA) can display in vivo morphological characteristics. In our study, we aimed to determine the presence and incidence of these morphological characteristics that can be clinically significant in our population, by using radiologic methods.We examined head and neck regions of 185 patients via MDCT-CTA. We evaluated radiologically detectable variations of the metopic sutures, lambda, bregma, asterion and pterion, which can be very easily confused with fractures. Additionally, the differences between the genders and incidence of coexistence of these variations were evaluated.According to our study, the incidence of persistent metopic suture was 8.1% and the incidence of lambda variations was 5.9%. Variations were most commonly encountered on the left asterion, and least commonly on the bregma and left pterion. In the evaluation of the coexistence of the parameters and combinations, the Wormian bones located at the right and left asterions were detected. There were no statistically significant differences between genders.Variations of the sutures and sutural bones can be easily misdiagnosed with the fractures of related bony regions in unconscious patients with multiple traumas. During surgical interventions in these patients, surgeons must take this fact into consideration in order to make differential diagnosis of fractures and intersutural bone variations.
Objectives: Fossa pterygopalatina is located posterior to maxillary sinus, anterior to pterygoid plates and inferior to greater sphenoid wing. Tumors that arise in fossa pterygopalatina are usually asymptomatic and often discovered at late stage. Because of its deep and relative inaccessible location, clinical examination of fossa pterygopalatina is difficult. Aplastic or nonvisible foramen rotundum may give an early indication for the regional tumors. Methods: In the present study, foramen rotundum was visualized as a round structure with prominent sclerotic margins located near ethmoid cells, maxillary sinus or orbital cavity in X ray images. X-rays (radiographs) of 17 dry skulls and 7 half dry skulls were performed with Phillips Digital Diagnost X-Ray device. All dry skulls were positioned similar to Caldwell’s view. We have designed a fixation apparatus to optimize the positioning of dry skulls and half skulls. After fixation of the skulls with the apparatus, the X-ray beam centered about 3–4 cm below the external occipital protuberance with an angle of 15 degrees to the chantomeatal line. Each radiologic image was examined for the location of foramen rotundum in relation with orbital cavity, ethmoidal cells and maxillary sinuses. We described the characteristic of foramen rotundum with count and percent values. Results: In the present study, 41 foramina rotunda were analyzed. Out of 41 foramina rotunda, twenty were right-sided, twenty one were left-sided. Of the 20 right-sided foramina rotunda, 19 were visible on X-ray images. On the other side 18 of 21 leftsided foramina rotunda were apparent. 14 of 19 visible right-sided foramina rotunda were identified in the orbital cavity (73.68%). Three of them were identified in ethmoidal cells, and two in the maxillary sinus. 11 of 18 visible left-sided foramina rotunda were identified in the orbital cavity (61.11%). Two of these were found in ethmoidal cells, eight in the maxillary sinus. Out of 17 dry skulls, one had bilateral nonvisible foramina rotunda. Conclusion: Foramen rotundum must be taken into consideration in evaluation of routine X-rays to prevent misdiagnosis of the patients with persistent non-specific symptoms.
Tracheal diverticula (TD) are benign conditions characterized by single or multiple outpouchings from the tracheal wall. Different series which demonstrate tracheal diverticula on autopsy series, fiber optic bronchoscope examinations, and CT images are found in the literature. Treatment options for TD are surgical resection, endoscopic cauterization with laser or electrocoagulation and conservative management. Surgery is the treatment choice for young patients, while conservative treatment is recommended for elderly patients. We performed a retrospective study on 2271 patients who underwent thoracic CT examination for different reasons. Presence, number, anatomical location, level, diameter, cystic component, and accompanying variations were assessed and recorded. A total of 2271 patients were evaluated in the present study. 73 patients (38 females, 35 males) with TD were detected. The prevalence of TD was found to be 3.2%. It was found more frequently in women (52.1%) than in men (47.9%). The mean diameter of the diverticula was 4.5 mm (range 1-15 mm) in females and 5mm (1-14) in males. There was no difference between gender groups according diameter median values (p=0.811). TD was solitary in 71 (97.2%) patients and doubled (2.7%) in two patients. In conclusion our data showed a female predilection of prevalence, but no statistically significant difference between gender and other parameters (diameter, side, and level) was indicated. Patients with paratracheal air cysts that have no connection with the tracheal lumen were also analyzed in this study, and cystic group’s diameter values were found to be higher than the non-cystic group. This difference was found to be statistically significant.
Poster: ECR 2017 / C-3077 / ARFI elastography in ureteropelvic junction obstruction by: H. Arioz Habibi, E. Ure Esmerer , S. G. Kandemirli, R. Y. Cicek, A. Kalyoncu Ucar, M. Aslan, S. Caliskan, I. Adaletli; Istanbul/TR
