Ian A. Hiskens

University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

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Daniel K. Molzahn

Georgia Institute of Technology

Johanna L. Mathieu

University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

A.M. Stanković

Singidunum University

Marios M. Polycarpou

University of Cyprus

Cecelia Jankowski

Canadian Standards Association

David J. Hill

University of Hong Kong

D.J. Allstot

Carnegie Mellon University

Thomas Siegert

Canadian Standards Association

Mads Almassalkhi

University of Vermont

Gerhard Fettweis

Vodafone (Germany)

Cooperative Institutions

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

163

Antea Group (France)

102

Canadian Standards Association

University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

Conference Board

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Engineering Systems (United States)

University of Memphis

Spectrum Research (United States)

University of Wisconsin–Madison

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Power System Modeling for Inverse Problems

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Fundamental Theory and Applications (2004)

Ian A. Hiskens

Large disturbances in power systems often initiate complex interactions between continuous dynamics and discrete events. The paper develops a hybrid automaton that describes such behavior. Hybrid systems can be modeled in a systematic way by a set of differential-algebraic equations, modified to incorporate impulse (state reset) action and constraint switching. This differential-algebraic impulsive-switched (DAIS) model is a realization of the hybrid automaton. The paper presents a practical object-oriented approach to implementing the DAIS model. Each component of a system is modeled autonomously. Connections between components are established by simple algebraic equations. The systematic nature of the DAIS model enables efficient computation of trajectory sensitivities, which in turn facilitate algorithms for solving inverse problems. The paper outlines a number of inverse problems, including parameter uncertainty, parameter estimation, grazing bifurcations, boundary value problems, and dynamic embedded optimization.

Hybrid automaton

Realization (probability)

10.1109/tcsi.2004.823654

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Citations (131)

Technical Committee on Smart Grid [Technical Activities]

IEEE Control Systems (2021)

Ian A. Hiskens

Reports on the technical activities of the CS society Technical Committee on Smart Grid.

10.1109/mcs.2021.3076386

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MPC-Based Load Shedding for Voltage Stability Enhancement

Ian A. Hiskens Baoming Gong

Impending voltage collapse can often be avoided by appropriate control of loads. However the traditional form of load control (shedding) is unpopular due to the resulting consumer disruption. Advances in communications and computer systems allow more selective load control though. Individual loads that are sacrificeable in the short-term can be switched with minimal consumer disruption. The paper considers the use of such non-disruptive load control for improving voltage stability. A control strategy that is based on model predictive control (MPC) is proposed. MPC utilizes an internal model to predict system dynamic behaviour over a finite horizon. Control decisions are based on optimizing that predicted response. MPC is a discrete-time form of control, so inaccuracies in predicted behaviour are corrected at the next control interval. A standard 10 bus voltage collapse example is used to illustrate this control strategy.

Model Predictive Control

Load Shedding

10.1109/cdc.2005.1582865

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Citations (70)

Twenty-third annual report of the Power Affiliates Program.

Patrick L. Chapman George Gross Philip T. Krein Ian A. Hiskens Thomas J. Overbye

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Resilience of Electricity Distribution Networks - Part II: Leveraging Microgrids

arXiv (Cornell University) (2018)

Devendra Shelar Saurabh Amin Ian A. Hiskens

Advances in microgrids powered by Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) make them an attractive response capability for improving the resilience of electricity distribution networks (DNs). This paper presents an approach to evaluate the value of implementing a timely response using microgrid operations and DER dispatch in the aftermath of a disruption event, involving strategic compromise of multiple DN components. Firstly, we extend the resiliency assessment framework in [1] and develop a sequential (bilevel) model of attacker-operator interactions on a radial DN with one or more microgrids. Particularly, the operator response includes microgrid operations under various islanding configurations (regimes), and single- or multi-master operation of DERs in providing grid-forming services as well as frequency and voltage regulation. Secondly, we introduce a restoration problem in which the operator gradually reconnects the disrupted components over multiple periods to restore the nominal performance of the DN. The first problem, formulated as a bilevel mixed-integer problem, is solved using a Benders decomposition method. The second problem, formulated as a multi-period mixed-integer problem, can be solved using a greedy algorithm. Our results illustrate the benefit of using microgrids in reducing the operator's losses, both immediately after the disruption event and during the restoration process.

Microgrid

Islanding

Operator (biology)

Resilience

Bilevel optimization

10.48550/arxiv.1812.01745

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Citations (2)

Toward Resilience-Aware Resource Allocation and Dispatch in Electricity Distribution Networks

The IMA volumes in mathematics and its applications (2018)

Devendra Shelar Saurabh Amin Ian A. Hiskens

This contribution presents an approach to improve the resilience of electricity distribution networks (DNs) to a class of cyber-physical failures by way of optimal allocation of distributed energy resources (DERs). The approach is motivated by the need to adapt the well-known security-constrained optimal power flow problem to DNs with remotely controllable (and, hence, vulnerable) distributed generation sources or loads. To this end, we model the interaction between the system operator (SO) and an external adversary as a three-stage sequential game. In this game, the SO allocates the available resources (Stage 0) and also responds to the adversary’s action by optimally dispatching them (Stage 2). The adversary, on the other hand, compromises a subset of vulnerable components with the objective of inducing operating bound violations (Stage 1). We consider qualitatively different allocation strategies in Stage 0 and develop a scalable greedy heuristic to solve Stages 1–2 (i.e., bilevel optimization problem). We utilize this greedy heuristic to obtain structural insights about optimal adversarial compromises and desirable allocation strategies of the SO.

Bilevel optimization

Resilience

10.1007/978-1-4939-7822-9_19

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Citations (1)

On the effect of DC source voltage on inverter-based frequency and voltage regulation in a military microgrid

2022 American Control Conference (ACC) (2012)

Tulga Ersal Changsun Ahn Ian A. Hiskens Huei Peng Anna G. Stefanopoulou

Increasing concerns about energy security and reliability are intensifying the military's interest in the microgrid technology. This paper focuses on the frequency and voltage regulation part of a case study that seeks to design a conceptual military microgrid that has to operate completely autonomously. This microgrid comprises a solar panel and vehicles as power sources, where the vehicles contain a battery and generator, and managing their power setpoints is the control problem of interest. The goal is to investigate the validity of assuming the battery as a constant voltage source during the control design. To this end, the control design is first carried out assuming the battery as a constant voltage source. It is then illustrated how critical this assumption can be depending on the battery internal resistance. The results show that the battery internal resistance can affect both frequency and voltage regulation performances, thereby highlighting the coupling between the battery characteristics and control design, and the need for a control design framework that takes this coupling into account.

Microgrid

Voltage source inverter

10.1109/acc.2012.6315111

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Citations (9)

Searching for noncooperative equilibria in centralized electricity markets

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems (2003)

P.F. Correia Thomas J. Overbye Ian A. Hiskens

The use of Nash equilibria as strategic bidding solutions for players competing in a centralized electricity market has been explored in the literature. In addition, the existence of multiple market equilibria, both in pure and in mixed strategies, when system constraints are taken into account in the market solution, has been shown for particular test cases. This paper addresses the difficult problem, due to its exponential order, of finding multiple equilibria in centralized electricity markets. A systematic procedure which allows the analysis of multimachine systems is employed. Moreover, some conclusions concerning the existence of multiple market equilibria in real networks are made possible by the method presented here. The paper carefully explains the models and market assumptions under discussion and details the algorithmic procedure for the search method. The IEEE 30-bus and 57-bus systems are used as test cases.

10.1109/tpwrs.2003.818692

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Citations (40)

ARRA: Reconfiguring Power Systems to Minimize Cascading Failures - Models and Algorithms

Ian Dobson Ian A. Hiskens Jeff Linderoth Stephen J. Wright

Building on models of electrical power systems, and on powerful mathematical techniques including optimization, model predictive control, and simluation, this project investigated important issues related to the stable operation of power grids. A topic of particular focus was cascading failures of the power grid: simulation, quantification, mitigation, and control. We also analyzed the vulnerability of networks to component failures, and the design of networks that are responsive to and robust to such failures. Numerous other related topics were investigated, including energy hubs and cascading stall of induction machines

Cascading failure

Power grid

Vulnerability

Component (thermodynamics)

10.2172/1110645

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Control for Renewable Energy and Smart Grids

Eduardo F. Camacho Tarıq Samad Mario García‐Sanz Ian A. Hiskens

well. Industry must overcome a number of technical issues to deliver renewable energy in significant quantities. Control is one of the key enabling technologies for the deployment of renewable energy systems. Solar and wind power require effective use of advanced control techniques. In addition, smart grids cannot be achieved without extensive use of control technologies at all levels. This section of the report will concentrate on two forms of renewable energy—wind and solar—and on the role of smart grids in addressing the problems associated with the efficient and reliable delivery and use of electricity and with the integration of renewable sources. Solar and wind power plants exhibit changing dynamics, nonlinearities, and uncertainties— challenges that require advanced control strategies to solve effectively. The use of more efficient control strategies would not only increase the performance of these systems, but would increase the number of operational hours of solar and wind plants and thus reduce the cost per kilowatt-hour (KWh) produced.

Solar Power

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Citations (129)