Paula E. Stephan

TU Dresden

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Sharon G. Levin

University of Missouri–St. Louis

Chiara Franzoni

Politecnico di Milano

Giuseppe Scellato

Collegio Carlo Alberto

Grant Black

Cornell University

Anne E. Winkler

University of Missouri–St. Louis

James D. Adams

Applied Poleramic (United States)

Henry Sauermann

European School of Management and Technology

David B. Audretsch

Indiana University

Wolfgang Glänzel

Conseil Européen de l'Industrie des Peintures des Encres d'Imprimerie et des Couleurs d'Art

Larry Schroeder

Syracuse University

Cooperative Institutions

National Bureau of Economic Research

Georgia State University

University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

Georgia Institute of Technology

Stanford University

Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques

John Wiley & Sons (United States)

Cochlear (Australia)

University of Minnesota

University of Wisconsin–Madison

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Uncertainty and risk-taking in science: Meaning, measurement and management in peer review of research proposals

Research Policy (2022)

Chiara Franzoni Paula E. Stephan

10.1016/j.respol.2022.104706

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Citations (25)

The Economics of University Science and the Role of Foreign Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Scholars

University of Chicago Press eBooks (2010)

Grant Black Paula E. Stephan

Abstract Universities play an important role in the production of knowledge in the United States. Research is often performed with the assistance of graduate students, postdoctoral scholars, and staff scientists, many of whom are foreign-born and, in the case of graduate students and post-docs, are studying in the United States on temporary visas. This chapter documents the presence and importance of graduate students and post-docs in US academic science, and provides an overview of the way in which university research is financed and structured. It analyzes authorship patterns for two sets of papers: papers having fewer than ten authors and all papers regardless of the number of authors. This analysis demonstrates the important role that students and post-docs play in university research. The heavy reliance on graduate students and postdoctoral scholars in the performance of university research has contributed to the US eminence as a training center for native and foreign-born students and as a producer of research. Factors that reduce either the demand for or supply of graduate students and postdocs have the potential of threatening this eminence.

Graduate students

Graduate research

10.7208/chicago/9780226110455.003.0005

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Citations (54)

Changing Incentives to Publish

Science (2011)

Chiara Franzoni Giuseppe Scellato Paula E. Stephan

National incentive policies relate to increases in research article submissions and publications in Science .

Publication

10.1126/science.1197286

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Citations (226)

Not in the job description: The commercial activities of academic scientists and engineers

Wesley M. Cohen Henry Sauermann Paula E. Stephan

Scholarly work seeking to understand academics' commercial activities often draws on abstract notions of the academic reward system and of the representative scientist.Few scholars have examined whether and how scientists' motives to engage in commercial activities differ across fields.Similarly, efforts to understand academics' choices have focused on three self-interested motives -recognition, challenge, and money -ignoring the potential role of the desire to have an impact on others.Using panel data for a national sample of over 2,000 academics employed at U.S. institutions, we examine how the four motives are related to commercial activity, measured by patenting.We find that all four motives are correlated with patenting, but these relationships differ systematically between the life sciences, physical sciences, and engineering.These field differences are consistent with differences across fields in the rewards from commercial activities, as well as in the degree of overlap between traditional and commercializable research, which affects the opportunity costs of time spent away from "traditional" work.We discuss potential implications for policy makers, administrators, and managers as well as for future research on the scientific enterprise.

10.3386/w24769

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Citations (2)

Books in brief

Nature (2012)

Daryn Lehoux Paula E. Stephan

10.1038/482159a

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Citations (0)

International Competition for PhDs and Postdoctoral Scholars: What Does (and Does Not) Matter

SSRN Electronic Journal (2014)

Paula E. Stephan Giuseppe Scellato Chiara Franzoni

We explore factors that lead students and postdoctoral scholars who train outside their native country to come to the United States rather than go to a third country for study. We use data collected by the authors in 2011 as part of the GlobSci project of research-active scientists working in 16 countries. Our research suggests that public policy plays an important role in attracting the foreign born to study in a country and that the US is a magnet for foreign students and postdocs precisely because the US has excelled in creating a strong educational and research environment. We further find that students who come to the US score factors that are proxies for the research environment higher than students who go to most other countries for training.

10.2139/ssrn.2448418

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Citations (5)

International Mobility of Research Scientists

Elsevier eBooks (2015)

Chiara Franzoni Giuseppe Scellato Paula E. Stephan

10.1016/b978-0-12-801396-0.00002-8

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Citations (42)

The entrepreneurial puzzle: explaining the gender gap

The Journal of Technology Transfer (2007)

Paula E. Stephan Asmaa El-Ganainy

Gender gap

10.1007/s10961-007-9033-3

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Citations (134)

The Impact of Information Technology on Scientists' Productivity, Quality and Collaboration Patterns

SSRN Electronic Journal (2009)

Waverly W. Ding Sharon G. Levin Paula E. Stephan Anne E. Winkler

This study advances the prior literature concerning the impact of information technology on productivity in academe in two important ways. First, it utilizes a dataset that combines information on the diffusion of two noteworthy and early innovations in IT -- BITNET and the Domain Name System (DNS) -- with career history data on research-active life scientists. This research design allows for proper identification of the availability of access to IT as well as a means to directly identify causal effects. Second, the fine-grained nature of the data set allows for an investigation of three publishing outcomes: counts, quality, and co-authorship. Our analysis of a random sample of 3,771 research-active life scientists from 430 U.S. institutions over a 25-year period supports the hypothesis of a differential return to IT across subgroups of the scientific labor force. Women scientists, early-to-mid-career scientists, and those employed by mid-to-lower-tier institutions benefit from access to IT in terms of overall research output and an increase in the number of new co-authors they work with. Early-career scientists and those in top-tier institutions gain in terms of research quality when IT becomes available at their campuses.

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Citations (17)

Influence of personality traits and mental health on treatment outcome after cochlear implantation.

Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie (2023)

Susen Lailach Paula E. Stephan Johanna Martin Thomas Zahnert Marcus Neudert

Objective In the course of developing evidence-based medicine, analysis of patient-related factors that affect treatment outcomes is necessary. The objective was to identify for cochlear implant (CI) care patient characteristics that affect outcome to enable more prudent counseling.

Affect

Cochlear Implantation

10.1055/s-0043-1767364

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