The human coccyx varies considerably in shape and size. The objective of this study was to investigate the morphology and morphometry of the coccyx on pelvic magnetic resonance imaging in asymptomatic individuals among Turkish adults.This study was conducted retrospectively on the pelvic magnetic resonance images of 456 adult patients without a history of trauma in the coccyx region. The coccygeal vertebrae count, number of bone segments, and intercoccygeal and sacrococcygeal joint fusions were determined from the sagittal plane images. In addition, the length and angles (the sacrococcygeal angle, intercoccygeal joint angle, and sacrococcygeal joint angle) were measured.Data were analyzed using the T-test or Mann-Whitney U-test, the ANOVA, or Kruskal-Wallis tests, and the chi-square test was used for the categorical variables.The coccyx is formed by four, five, or three vertebrae in a decreasing ratio. The coccyx is composed of one to five bone segments; one bone segment was found in 2.8% of the cases. Intercoccygeal joint fusions been observed predominantly in the last intercoccygeal joint, with or without sacrococcygeal joint fusion. The coccyx was found to be longer in adult males than in adult females. The sacrococcygeal angle might be anteverted or retroverted.The findings are contrary to the conventional knowledge in that the vertebrae shaping the coccyx were completely fused and consisting of a single bone in very few cases. Better understanding of the anatomical variation of the coccyx may be useful for clinicians evaluating patients presenting with conditions in the coccygeal region.
The aim of the study was to assess the incidence, localization, depth, length of myocardial bridging (MB) with left anterior descending (LAD), systolic compression ratio, atherosclerotic plaque localization and degree of stenosis by 256-slice multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT).Computed tomography (CT) scans from a total of 3947 patients who underwent MDCT were reviewed retrospectively for LAD MB. A diastolic and systolic dataset with the best image quality was selected. Myocardial bridge was defined as a coronary artery with an intra-myocardial course. Myocardial bridging was divided into "deep" or "superficial". The length and depth of the bridging segment were calculated. For each bridging segment, the presence of atherosclerosis was saved in a 2-cm-long segment proximal to the entry of the bridging segment. The degree of stenosis made by atherosclerotic plaques was determined.LAD myocardial bridging was detected in 410 (10.4%) patients. Among these, 97 (23.7%) patients had a deep and 313 (76.3%) patients had a superficial course. The mean LAD MB length was 20.28 ±9.63 mm and the depth was 1.72 ±1.11 mm. The systolic and diastolic mean diameter difference was 0.193 mm and the average compression ratio was 9.44%. Atherosclerotic plaques were found in 167 (40.7%) of 410 LAD MB. Atherosclerotic plaques were found in 50.5% of deep MB and 37.7% of superficial MB.256-slice MDCT coronary angiography has a high sensitivity to show myocardial bridging in LAD localization, to determine length, depth, compression ratio, atherosclerotic plaque localization and degree of stenosis.
Ozet: Safra tasi ileusu, bir fistul araciligiyla bagirsak lumenine safra tasi gecmesinden kaynaklanan mekanik barsak tikanikligidir. Safra tasi ileusu tanisi zor olabilen, nadir gorulen bir durumdur. Abdominal bilgisayarli tomografi (BT), ayakta batin grafisi ve abdominal ultrasonografi ile karsilastirildiginda safra tasi ileusu tanisinda daha onemli bir goruntuleme yontemidir. Bu yazida, safra tasi ileuslu bir hastanin goruntuleme bulgulari sunulmustur.
The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of possible markers in the prediction of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-related metabolic alterations and cardiovascular events in adolescent PCOS cases and also to investigate the applicability of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels for the diagnosis of PCOS.In this cross-sectional study, a total of 75 non-obese women (adolescent PCOS group, n = 25; adult PCOS group, n = 25; control group, n = 25) were included. Measurements of copeptin, pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and AMH serum levels were performed.Serum copeptin, PTX3 and echocardiographic indices were not significantly different in PCOS subjects and they did not have higher common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurement. AMH levels were significantly higher in PCOS patients. There was a positive correlation between AMH and mean ovarian volume (r = 0.58, P < 0.001) and between AMH and total testosterone level (r = 0.63, P < 0.001). In order to predict a threshold value for the diagnosis of PCOS by using AMH, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method was used. Area under the curve was 0.820 and cut-off point was 6.66 ng/mL for AMH with a sensitivity of 62% and specificity of 76%.Possible markers for PCOS-related metabolic alterations may not present in the adolescent years. Serum AMH may be useful as a diagnostic test for adolescents.
Amac: Bu calismanin amaci, meme kitlelerinde ultrasonografi kilavuzlugunda yapilan tru-cut biyopsinin tanisal yararliligini arastirmaktir. Metod: Kasim-2009 ile Mayis-2014 tarihleri arasinda hastanemiz Radyoloji Bolumunde ultrasonografik ve mamografik olarak memede kitlesel lezyon saptanan ve ultrasonografi kilavuzlugunda tru-cut biyopsisi yapilan 103 ardisik kadin olgunun kayitlari retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bu lezyonlarda radyolojikpatolojik tanisal uyum ve memedeki yerlesimleri degerlendirildi. Bulgular: Olgularin ortalama yasi 47 idi. Lezyon buyuklugu 5 mm ile 80 mm arasinda degismekte olup ortalama boyut 20,45 mm'ydi. Kitlelerin %52.4'u sag memede, %47,6'si sol memede olup en sik ust dis kadran (%49,5) yerlesimliydi. Ust ic kadranda %18,4, alt ic kadranda %8,7, alt dis kadranda %18,4 oranda izlenirken, lezyonlarin sadece %4,9'u retroareolar bolgeye yerlesimliydi. Malign ve benign lezyonlarin memede yerlesimleri arasinda istatistiksel fark izlenmedi. Histopatolojik degerlendirmede lezyonlarin 53'u (%51,4) benign ve 50'si (%48,6) maligndi. Lezyonlarin radyolojik siniflamasi ile patolojik tanilari arasinda BIRADS 3 ve BIRADS 5'te tam uyum mevcuttu. BIRADS 4 olarak siniflandirilan 20 olgunun 9'u benign tani alirken 11 tanesi malign tani aldi. Sonuc: Ultrasonografi kilavuzlugunda yapilan tru-cut biyopsileri, hizli uygulanan ve hizli sonuc alinan, daha guvenilir preoperatif planlamaya olanak saglayan, yuksek guvenilirlikli bir yontemdir
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