We examined the holographic recording properties of polyester containing cyanoazobenzene units in the side chain. It was revealed that, when a linearly polarized object beam with an arbitrary polarization direction was recorded, the retrieved beam had the same polarization state as that of the object beam, with a constant diffraction efficiency of 0.1. Moreover, two object beams with mutually orthogonal linear polarization could be recorded and retrieved separately from the same area. This is, to our knowledge, the first example of holographic polarization multiplexing. The retrieved images were found to resolve details of ~40line pairs/mm and a 40-mum -pitched checkerboard pattern. The resolution of the system is limited by the CCD cameras that are used. Polarization encoding to increase the storage capacity and (or) the signal-to-noise ratio of holographic data recording is also discussed.
In recent years, in the field of transportation equipment, the use of aluminum alloy having excellent lightweight, corrosion resistance and workability has increased from reducing the environmental impact. However, Al alloy has poor wear resistance, it is necessary to improve wear resistance. Various surface engineering techniques have been used in attempts to alleviate the abovementioned problems. Especially DLC coatings has properties high hardness, have low friction coefficient and good wear resistance. However, if DLC coating deposited onto Al alloy, poor adhesion due to large difference in hardness between the two materials becomes the problem. Therefore, using an intermediate AlN layer and AlCrN layer with a graded hardness for improvement of adhesion between Al alloy and DLC coating. And, deposition is aimed to simplify the deposition process by using only the unbalanced magnetron sputtering method (UBMS). In this study, we report that DLC coatings could improve the friction wear characteristics of Al alloy.
Stereospecific recognition of substrate molecules for certain chiral carboxylic acids is achieved by a noncovalent receptor system based on acid–base interactions of amino groups in the host system with the carboxylic acids. Enantioselectivity in the binding process is caused by secondary interactions with a chiral platform that preorganizes the amino functionalities (see scheme).
Abstract A [60]fullerene-containing amphiphile bearing two ammonium groups was synthesized. When the methanol solution was left at room temperature for a few days, it was totally transformed into an organic gel. The transformation process was fully characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. This is the first example for the [60]fullerene-containing organic gel.
A novel amphiphilic [60]fullerene derivative with two ammonium headgroups is synthesized, and its self-organization characteristics in water in the scale ranging from nanometer to micrometer are reported. At the molecular scale, the bola-amphiphilic [60]fullerene forms spherical vesicles. These vesicles, in turn, are placed within a thin wall producing a foamlike network in the scale-up to a few micrometers. TEM and light scattering measurements demonstrate that the mesoscopic-scale structure is self-similar and fractal with the dimension D = 1.40. The novel aggregation modes result from the hydrophobic interaction produced by the [60]fullerene moieties exposed to water molecules by the disordered alkyl tails.
