Fatty acids composition of 20 Enteromorpha prolifera samples from the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea were determined with GC-MS.The result indicates that C16 are the predominant fatty acid,taking 27.82% to 43.27%.C18:2(cis,cis-9,12)(n-6),C18:3(gamma)(all cis-6,9,12)(n-6),C18:3(alpha)(all cis-9,12,15)(n-3) and EPA are major polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs) in E.prolifera.The samples were numerically classified in fatty acid composition using Squared Euclidean distance and between-group linkage method as clustering algrithm.The 20 samples were divided into four groups by cluster analysis.All the floating E.prolifera samples are placed in Group I,and other native species in Qingdao and Lianyungang are classified into other three groups.The floating E.prolifera that bloomed in Qingdao coastal area in 2008 were not orininated from local native species but from the open sea.Hierarchical cluster analysis was proved to be a good method of quantitive evaluation and classification of marine green algae.
Glehnia littoralis is a medicinal halophyte that inhabits sandy beaches and has high ecological and commercial value. However, the molecular mechanism of salt adaptation in G. littoralis remains largely unknown. Here, we cloned and identified a non-specific phospholipase C gene (GlNPC3) from G. littoralis, which conferred lipid-mediated signaling during the salt stress response. The expression of GlNPC3 was induced continuously by salt treatment. Overexpression of GlNPC3 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased salt tolerance compared to wild-type (WT) plants. GlNPC3-overexpressing plants had longer roots and higher fresh and dry masses under the salt treatment. The GlNPC3 expression pattern revealed that the gene was expressed in most G. littoralis tissues, particularly in roots. The subcellular localization of GlNPC3 was mainly at the plasma membrane, and partially at the tonoplast. GlNPC3 hydrolyzed common membrane phospholipids, such as phosphotidylserine (PS), phosphoethanolamine (PE), and phosphocholine (PC). In vitro enzymatic assay showed salt-induced total non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) activation in A. thaliana GlNPC3-overexpressing plants. Plant lipid profiling showed a significant change in the membrane-lipid composition of A. thaliana GlNPC3-overexpressing plants compared to WT after the salt treatment. Furthermore, downregulation of GlNPC3 expression by virus-induced gene silencing in G. littoralis reduced the expression levels of some stress-related genes, such as SnRK2, P5SC5, TPC1, and SOS1. Together, these results indicated that GlNPC3 and GlNPC3-mediated membrane lipid change played a positive role in the response of G. littoralis to a saline environment.
NF-Y transcription factor consists of three subsets, A, B, and C, which play various roles during biological processes in plants, particularly in growth and development, stress response, and microorganism interactions. The current study was exhaustively conducted on the NF-Y gene family in Prunus mume (Japanese apricot). We identified 27 PmNF-Y genes that were distributed on eight chromosomes of the Japanese apricot genome, and which were divided into three subgroups according to their phylogenetic relationship. Protein replication analysis showed that the Ka/Ks ratio of one pair of tandem repeats and two pairs of segmental repeats was less than 1. Cis-acting elements upstream of PmNF-Y genes were divided into four distinct categories: light response, growth metabolism, stress, and hormones, among which the numbers of hormone and light-responsive cis-acting elements were higher. RNA-seq analysis revealed that most of the genes were expressed with slight variation in various tissues. Interestingly, some genes were expressed differently during dormancy. During dormancy with exogenous hormones and low temperature, the qRT-PCR results showed that these differentially expressed genes had specific expression responses under GA4, ABA, MeJA, and low-temperature treatments. Therefore, these findings could provide a novel theoretical foundation for future research into the function and molecular regulation mechanism of the NF-Y gene family in the Prunus species.
Abstract Background The regulation mechanism of post-operative hepatic failure and small-for-size syndrome remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to analyze the molecular profiles following extended hepatectomy and identify the therapeutic target. Methods Major hepatectomy and extended hepatectomy were performed in the rat model, and the remnant livers were obtained dynamically for the high-throughput transcriptome analysis to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The general framework for weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to explore the expression patterns of DEGs. The expression and function of the selected DEG from the WGCNA was further verified following hepatectomy in the human and rat. Results DEGs after major hepatectomy and extended hepatectomy were detected by transcriptomics. WGCNA identified 10 distinct gene co-expression modules according to the correlation between module eigengene and different postoperative time-points. The magenta module (gene count: 289) and the lightcyan module (gene count: 484) were found positively correlated with major hepatectomy instead of extended hepatectomy. In the lightcyan module, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) was selected and found the down-regulation in the remnant liver following extended (marginal) hepatectomy in rats and humans. Besides, administration of PPARα agonist attenuated hepatic inflammation injury while PPARα antagonist increased liver inflammation injury after extended hepatectomy in rats, marked by the significantly changed aminotransferases, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin - 6 levels in the plasm, and histological Suzuki criteria. Conclusion DEGs and their molecular profiles after extended hepatectomy were identified, and PPARα could be a potential therapy target for small-for-size syndrome.
The glume is an organ of the maize spikelet and plays important roles in anther and kernel development. Vestigial glume1 (Vg1) is a classic mutant associated with ligule and glume development. Here we report the phenotypic characterization, fine mapping, and candidate gene analysis of the Vg1 mutant. Vg1 is a semi-dominant and pleiotropic gene, and also affects plant height, ear height, and tassel length. Vg1 ligule degeneration begins at the first leaf, and the Vg1 tassel and ear can be distinguished from those of wild-type plants when their lengths reach respectively 55 mm and 51 mm. Using a BC3 mapping population of 11,445 plants, we delimited the Vg1 functional site to an interval of 7.4 kb, flanked by the markers InDelLM and CRM6. A putative cyclopropane fatty-acid synthase gene (ZmCPA-FAS1) was hypothesized to underlie the mutant phenotype. We detected a Helitron insertion in the sixth intron of ZmCPA-FAS1. Its presence caused abnormal alternative splicing of ZmCPA-FAS1 that conferred new characteristics on the Vg1 mutant. These findings are a basis for further discovery of the molecular mechanism underlying glume development and a potential guide for maize breeding of small-glume varieties, especially sweet corn breeding.
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