Muscular fatigue is associated with repeated muscle contraction exercises and with intense use of muscles with high intensity leading to a decline of performance and inability to continue with the same activity original intensity of activity. One of most promising interventions is the photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT). The objective was to analyze the results of the studies that investigated the effects of acute and long-term photobiomodulation in experimental animal models of muscle fatigue levels. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021274444). 10 studies were identified (n=366 animals). 77% used histological analysis and blood level of lactate measures to record changes in fatigue and were considered moderate evidence. Nine chose isotonic contractions and one study opted for isometric contraction to induce fatigue. 77% applied long term PBMT and 33% applied an acute form. Most of the studies used the infrared wavelength; the power output varied from 0.625mW to 300mW and energy per point varied from 0.105J to 12J. This review demonstrates that PBMT has positive effects in acute and long-term treatment decreasing the level of fatigue and accelerating exercise performance in different animal models, even with distinct PBMT parameters and number of therapy sessions
Abstract Objective to evaluate the association between perceived stress and Primary Dysmenorrhea (PD) in Brazilian women. Methods We used data from 2,505 participants, a prospective cohort of Brazilian women. The eligibility was restricted to women who had their last three periods and were over 18 years, the exclusion criteria was 1) women with secondary dysmenorrhea and that did not have a period. We measured stress with the Perceived Stress Scale; the interference of PD with the Dysmenorrhea Symptom Interference, and the PD with the Numerical Rating Score. This study used the chi-square test (χ²) to assess associations between perceived stress and binary logistic regression, considering odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). All statistical tests were two-tailed, with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results The average perceived stress score was 25.1 ± 6.6, and the average menstrual pain in the last period was 5.1 ± 2.8. Women with PD are 2.8 (95% CI 1.9 to 4.1) times more likely to have perceived stress and in women with moderate to severe interference of PD, there was 4.8 (95% CI 2.72 to 8.60) increase in the chance to report perceived stress. Conclusions Women with PD have higher rates of moderate to high stress. The higher the intensity of menstrual pain, the greater the number of Brazilian women who report mild to high stress.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the acute effects of red and infrared photobiomodulation (PBM) using a cluster device on biceps brachii muscle fatigue in young and healthy males. Background: Vigorous physical activity could lead to muscle fatigue, which compromises motor control and muscle strength and consequently impairs performance. The positive effects of PBM in reducing fatigue onset have been highlighted. However, the better wavelength with cluster devices is not yet established. Methods: A randomized double-blind session was used. Thirty-two young and healthy males were randomized into the control group (CG), red PBM group (RPG), and infrared PBM group (IPG). A PBM cluster device [7 visible diodes (630 nm), 7 infrared diodes (850 nm), 100 mW/diode, 2 W/cm2 power density, 91 J/cm2 energy density, 4 J per point, 28 J total energy, and 40 sec] was applied after muscle fatigue. Muscle fatigue was analyzed by surface electromyography (EMG) recorded from the long head of biceps brachii, blood lactate concentration, and evaluation of the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) using the Borg Scale. The fatigue protocol consisted of a maximum voluntary isotonic contraction of elbow flexion–extension with 75% of one-repetition maximum until exhaustion. The Borg Scale was applied before and at the end of the experiment to measure the RPE. The electromyography fatigue index (EMGFI) was calculated by windows of median frequency from EMG data. Results: EMGFI, blood lactate concentration, and RPE showed no intergroup statistical difference, except the EMGFI delta value that showed a difference between IPG and CG, with a greater value in the CG. However, intragroup comparisons showed that EMGFI decreased in the CG and RPE and lactate concentration increased significantly in all groups. Conclusions: There was no difference between red and infrared PBM in reduction of biceps brachii fatigue. However, the EMGFI delta value was greater in the IPG compared with the CG, suggesting that infrared can be more effective in reducing biceps brachii fatigue.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are typically characterized by pain (often persistent) and limitations in mobility, decrease in the level of functioning and reduction in the quality of life and alternative therapeutical interventions have been studied to manage symptomatology such as laser in acupuncture points (LA). The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature of the use of LA in MSDs in pain and functional capacity. PubMed and EMBASE were systematically searched using the following terms: low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and acupuncture and ten randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that used LA in MSDs were selected. All the studies used the near-infrared PBMT irradiation, with an energy per point from 1J to 72J, power from 30 mW to 400 mW, number of sessions from 4 to 24 and application at acupuncture points according to each MSDs. Most studies have shown a significant decrease in pain and symptoms, and an increase of functionality, strength, and mobility after treatment with LA. This review demonstrates that LA produced positive effects in pain and functionality of patients with MSDs, although the evidence does not determine an effective dosage window for LA, the possible range of application adjusted and designed to fit specific musculoskeletal conditions.
Increasingly, there is an attempt to minimize expression lines through esthetic procedures, and radiofrequency (RF) is one of the therapeutic modalities. This article aims to systematically review the literature on the different types of RF treatment in clinical trials and in variables related to the aging process. This systematic review included 21 articles that treated 354 people with different physical characteristics. The most used RF was the fractional followed by the non-ablative RF. There was a large discrepancy in relation to the types and parameters. A parameter that did not show so much divergence was the temperature, which was between 38°C and 44°C. The main temporary adverse reactions reported by the authors were as follows: discomfort, pain, erythema, hyperpigmentation, crusting, swelling, edema, and purple and acneic appearance of the skin. Finally, our study concluded that non-ablative and ablative RF was reported to rejuvenate and improve the features of skin in all skin types.