Many geographers work on matters of great relevance for the issues facing society, but geography is rarely invoked in public debates over matters of contemporary concern. As a result, geographical perspectives are often missing from public discourse, and outmoded conceptions of geography are reinforced. This forum considers the importance and challenge of addressing this state of affairs. Four distinguished geographers who have been involved in different ways with the effort to raise geography's profile consider the possibilities and limitations of enhancing geography's public profile. Consideration is given to the prospects for raising the discipline's visibility in high-profile public venues, the role of geography in organized international research endeavors, the challenge of linking what geographers do to social activism, and the importance of questioning the unproblematized geographical ideas and discursive norms that already circulate in the public arena.
Southeastern Geographer Vol. 27, No. 2, November 1987, pp. 115-130 VITICULTURE AND VINICULTURE IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES H.J. de BUj Viticulture has been described as "the most geographically expressive of all agricultural industries." (I) The growing of grapes for the purpose of making wine involves terrain and tradition, climate and culture, experience and experiment. Viticulture is not simply another kind of farming. As the ripening grape's sugar content and acid balance change, environmental hazards to the vintage intensify. Every harvest becomes an exercise in game theory in which timing is the key. Thus the creation of a superior wine is not merely a matter of harvesting the crop and packaging the product. It is a complex process that begins in the vineyard , continues in the winery, and concludes in the bottle. Such a wine can be one of civilization's highest achievements, a work of art as well as science; it is to the senses of smell and taste what painting is to the eye and music to the ear. Quintessentially, wine is a progeny of geography, physical and human. Wine has been defined as a "summation of its region of origin, a capsule of culture." (2) The geography of wine has been characterized as an "experience of place." (3). Winegrowing in the Southeastern United States is an old industry, but is is only now maturing. This paper identifies the salient ampelographic , environmental, and stylistic patterns of Southeastern viticulture , and tests the notion that a "Dixie" wine region can be delimited on these grounds, as has recently been proposed. (4) HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY: VINE AND PLACE. The first organized viniculture in the North American realm took place in what is today the U.S. Southeast. (5) The time was the 16th century, the place may have been east coastal Florida or South Carolina. The grape, undoubtedly, was a native American, one of the Muscadines. "Nowhere else in the world," writes a historian of viticulture, "grows a grape so fragrant that the early navigators, approaching the coast in September, detected its Dr. de BUj is Professor of Geography at the University of Miami in Coral Gables, FL 33124. 116Southeastern Geographer rich scent long before they made landfall." (6) The Scuppernong, growing wild and bearing heavily, offered the settlers the first opportunity to practice an art left long behind. (7) Southeastern viticulture received a vital stimulus with the arrival of thousands of French Huguenot refugees during the 17th and 18th centuries . The map of South Carolina still carries the imprints of this immigration . The town of Bordeaux (founded as New Bordeau), named after France's famous wine center, was established by the Huguenots who, in 1764, were awarded 30,000 acres by the British government. The objective of this land grant was to develop a grape and wine industry along the upper Savannah River. (S) Louis de Saint Pierre, a winegrower and oenologist, wrote what may be the first treatise on viticulture in the Southeast. (9) In 1782 he sent the first consignment ofAmerican wine to the English market. The favorable reception of these wines led the French, who feared for the future of their wine exports to England, to intervene. They bribed South Carolina's Lord Proprietor, who stopped subsidizing the New Bordeau wineries. (10) The impact on the local wine industry was devastating. Vineyards were abandoned, and wineries ceased production. Nevertheless, the first vinifera vines had been brought to this region, and they had succeeded. The Lenoir and the Herbemont, known by several other names from Carolina to Texas, spread westward as the French Blue and the French Brown respectively. When the South Carolina wine industry revived, during the middle decades of the 19th century, these grapes, often recaptured from long-untended vineyards, were the basis for renewed viticulture. They were joined by other varieties, including the Isabella. And the Scuppernongs continued to enjoy popularity. During the second half of the nineteenth century, winegrowing in the Southeast expanded spatially as well as quantitatively. Vineyards were planted in various mesoclimatic settings. Winegrowers' associations were established to promote local wines, to coordinate production, and to disseminate the results of technological research. Groundbreaking writings appeared, including a volume by De...
LOURENCO MARQUES is one of southern Africa's most important cities. The capital of the Portuguese province of Mocambique, it has a population of well over 100,000,1 of which over 30,000 are non-Africans. The harbor is linked by rail to several of the major industrial and mining regions of the subcontinent, including the Witwatersrand and Southern Rhodesia. The city has been a leading port for the Transvaal hinterland since the railroad to Johannesburg was completed in 1895. At present, it is growing spectacularly, and the 1975 population is expected to be about 200,000. A leading holiday resort for South Africans, Lourenco Marques annually draws thousands of visitors, who contribute significantly to the city's wealth. The Bay of Lourenco Marques (Delagoa Bay) affords opportunities for almost unlimited port development, and has been described as one of the world's best natural harbors.2 Lourenco Marques is likely to take an increasingly significant place among the cities and ports of the subcontinent (Fig. 1). The purpose of this paper is to trace briefly, and in its broadest outlines, the development of Lourenco Marques, and to examine in some detail the component parts of the Central Business District. HISTORY OF SETTLEMENT ON DELAGOA BAY
In a framing comment embracing the preceding four papers devoted to the enlargement of the European Union in 2004, a prominent American geographer reviews some of the major problems confronting the European continent. The paper, which begins with the author's view of Europe's dilemma in late 2006, covers a number of geographic implications of the May 2004 expansion. Noted are Russia's overland access to Kaliningrad, the addition of ca. 8 million underprivileged Roma (presently the Union's largest minority population), the potentially divisive new boundary with Russia, the future candidate states emerging from the former Yugoslavia, the prospects of Ukraine's possible membership, and the challenge of Turkey's quest for admission to the EU. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F02, F20, P20. 2 figures, 34 references.
INTRODUCTION WORLD REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES 2 CHAPTER 1A EUROPE: DEFINING THE REALM 32 CHAPTER 1B EUROPE: REGIONS OF THE REALM 52 CHAPTER 2A RUSSIA: DEFINING THE REALM 80 CHAPTER 2B RUSSIA: REGIONS OF THE REALM 100 CHAPTER 3A NORTH AMERICA: DEFINING THE REALM 116 CHAPTER 3B NORTH AMERICA: REGIONS OF THE REALM 136 CHAPTER 4A MIDDLE AMERICA: DEFINING THE REALM 150 CHAPTER 4B MIDDLE AMERICA: REGIONS OF THE REALM 166 CHAPTER 5A SOUTH AMERICA: DEFINING THE REALM 186 CHAPTER 5B SOUTH AMERICA: REGIONS OF THE REALM 202 CHAPTER 6A SUBSAHARAN AFRICA: DEFINING THE REALM 228 CHAPTER 6B SUBSAHARAN AFRICA: REGIONS OF THE REALM 248 CHAPTER 7A NORTH AFRICA/SOUTHWEST ASIA: DEFINING THE REALM 272 CHAPTER 7B NORTH AFRICA/SOUTHWEST ASIA: REGIONS OF THE REALM 292 CHAPTER 8A SOUTH ASIA: DEFINING THE REALM 322 CHAPTER 8B SOUTH ASIA: REGIONS OF THE REALM 342 CHAPTER 9A EAST ASIA: DEFINING THE REALM 366 CHAPTER 9B EAST ASIA: REGIONS OF THE REALM 384 CHAPTER 10A SOUTHEAST ASIA: DEFINING THE REALM 404 CHAPTER 10B SOUTHEAST ASIA: REGIONS OF THE REALM 422 CHAPTER 11 THE AUSTRAL REALM 442 CHAPTER 12 PACIFIC REALM AND POLAR FUTURES 460 APPENDIX A METRIC STANDARD INTERNATIONAL (SI) AND CUSTOMARY UNITS AND THEIR CONVERSIONS A-1 APPENDIX B AREA AND DEMOGRAPHIC DATA FOR THE WORLD S STATES B-1 ADDITIONAL APPENDICES AND OTHER MATERIAL AVAILABLE ONLINE: Using the Maps www.wiley.com/college/deblij Opportunities in Geography www.wiley.com/college/deblij Pronunciation Guide www.wiley.com/college/deblij Concept Caching Website www.wiley.com/college/deblij References and Further Readings www.wiley.com/college/deblij GLOSSARY GL-1 INDEX I-1
Abstract A large ocean liner was confronted with severe weather in the central Indian Ocean. Meteorological information received on the bridge contradicted observations on board. A near-catastrophic event required emergency measures while correct weather data were requested. Fundamental principles of climatology helped clarify the synoptic situation and for a period of seven hours guided the decision-making on the bridge. The area of occurrence is not well served by weather stations; previous emergencies have had fatal consequences. Sea as well as air transport across this zone is affected. Unexplained events give rise to notions of a Garcia Quadrangle here.
Abstract The subject of continental drift arouses great interest among students, for whom the idea that the landmasses are raft-like and in constant motion is new and exciting. The concept can be used with great advantage to persuade students to look in a more productive way at the shapes of coastlines, the distribution of mountain ranges, and landscapes in general. Some topics that may be useful to teachers are discussed in this article.
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