Timothy Bouley

University of Exeter

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Catherine Machalaba

EcoHealth Alliance

Richard Seifman

United Nations

Joy Shumake-Guillemot

World Meteorological Organization

Delia Grace

International Livestock Research Institute

Michael H. Depledge

University of Exeter

William B. Karesh

EcoHealth Alliance

Kristie L. Ebi

University of Washington

Josep Lloret

University of Girona

Montserrat Meiro-Lorenzo

William H. Gerwick

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Cooperative Institutions

University College London

University of Exeter

University of Girona

University of Miami

Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway

University of Vienna

Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research

Research Institute For Sustainability – Helmholtz Centre Potsdam

National Institute for Public Health and the Environment

London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

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Climate Change and Health: Transcending Silos to Find Solutions

Annals of Global Health (2015)

Catherine Machalaba Cristina Romanelli Peter Stoett Sarah E. Baum Timothy Bouley

Climate change has myriad implications for the health of humans, our ecosystems, and the ecological processes that sustain them. Projections of rising greenhouse gas emissions suggest increasing direct and indirect burden of infectious and noninfectious disease, effects on food and water security, and other societal disruptions. As the effects of climate change cannot be isolated from social and ecological determinants of disease that will mitigate or exacerbate forecasted health outcomes, multidisciplinary collaboration is critically needed.

10.1016/j.aogh.2015.08.002

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Citations (42)

The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: from 25 years of inaction to a global transformation for public health

The Lancet (2017)

Nick Watts Markus Amann Sonja Ayeb‐Karlsson Kristine Belesova Timothy Bouley

Countdown

Global Health

10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32464-9

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Citations (1,086)

Need for Enhanced Environmental Representation in the Implementation of One Health

EcoHealth (2014)

Meredith Barrett Timothy Bouley

Animal ecology

Representation

10.1007/s10393-014-0964-5

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Citations (52)

Contributors

Elsevier eBooks (2023)

Kurt Aasly Rafael Abós‐Herràndiz Gillian B. Ainsworth Maria Retchie Alaba Rowell Alarcon

10.1016/b978-0-323-95227-9.09987-5

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Climate-smart healthcare : low-carbon and resilience strategies for the health sector

Timothy Bouley Sonia Roschnik Josh Karliner Susan Wilburn Scott Slotterback

Climate change is damaging human health now and is projected to have a greater impact in the future. Low- and middle-income countries are seeing the worst effects as they are most vulnerable to climate shifts and least able to adapt given weak health systems and poor infrastructure. Low-carbon approach can provide effective, cheaper care while at the same time being climate smart. Low-carbon healthcare can advance institutional strategies toward low-carbon development and health-strengthening imperatives and inspire other development institutions and investors working in this space. Low-carbon healthcare provides an approach for designing, building, operating, and investing in health systems and facilities that generate minimal amounts of greenhouse gases. It puts health systems on a climate-smart development path, aligning health development and delivery with global climate goals. This approach saves money by reducing energy and resource costs. It can improve the quality of care in a diversity of settings. By prompting ministries of health to tackle climate change mitigation and foster low-carbon healthcare, the development community can help governments strengthen local capacity and support better community health.

Resilience

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Madagascar - Climate change and health diagnostic : risks and opportunities for climate-smarthealth and nutrition investment

Timothy Bouley Amelia Midgley Joy Shumake-Guillemot Christopher De Weir Golden Kristie L. Ebi

In Madagascar, climate change is already impacting health, and this damage will continue. Without adequate investment in health sector resilience, recent development gains are likely to be reversed, with serious consequences for Madagascar’s people and environment. Even so, sustainable pathways to a resilient health sector are possible, despite growing evidence of climate change impacts across the country. What is needed is a clear understanding of these pathways to build resilience, taking into account robust projections of the country’s climate and development future. This report highlights the most prominent climate change impacts facing Madagascar, with a particular emphasis on health, and provides investment relevant solutions to build resilience. Through the establishment of priority interventions to address the identified vulnerabilities, this report links evidence to opportunities for development actors, while providing specific input into the design of a World Bank investment. In doing so, the report builds momentum for the emerging climate and health activities in the country and seeks to facilitate multi-sector dialogue to enhance Madagascar’s policy planning.

Climate Resilience

Investment

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Climate risk

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Genetic research with stored biological materials: ethics and practice.

IRB Ethics and Human Research (2010)

Leslie E. Wolf Timothy Bouley Charles E. McCulloch

any biomedical advances?particularly I / advances involving genetics?have only JL JL been achieved through research with human biological materials.1 Such research has been critical in identifying genes and gene changes associated with disease or disease susceptibility,2 determining causes of mortality and morbidity,3 deriving cell lines for further research,4 and developing new approaches to therapy such as pharmacogenetics.5 Complete mapping of the human genome and improved ability to conduct genetic and genomic analyses expand enormously the potential value of biological materials for medicine and science.6 Although scientifically rewarding, genetic research with stored biological materials raises several ethi cal concerns. DNA obtained from stored biological material is stable and specific to an individual; further more, genetic/genomic test results have become easier to link to specific individuals, even among pooled DNA.7 Genetic testing may reveal information about individuals'?and, in some cases, their family mem bers'?present and future susceptibility to illness.8 Moreover, individuals may not even be aware that their biological materials were collected and stored for future research.9 Even when individuals gave explicit consent for research with their biological materials, concerns have been raised about the validity of such consent for use of the materials in future, unspecified studies.10 Finally, whether and under what conditions research results should be disclosed to research participants raises concerns about potential psychological harm to individuals, as well as to groups, if findings create or reinforce negative stereotypes about socially identifiable groups, and about the clinical validity and utility of genetic information obtained in the research context.11

Human disease

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Integrating a One Health approach in education to address global health and sustainability challenges

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (2010)

Meredith Barrett Timothy Bouley Aaron Haywood Stoertz Rosemary W Stoertz

Emerging infectious diseases are economically, socially, medically, and environmentally costly, as evidenced by the H1N1 influenza pandemic. Their broad consequences demand interdisciplinary solutions. One such solution, known as the One Health approach, is a growing global strategy that is being adopted by health organizations and policy makers in response to this need. It recognizes the interconnected nature of human, animal, and environmental health in an attempt to inform health policy, expand scientific knowledge, improve healthcare training and delivery, and address sustainability challenges. Education will play a particularly important role in realizing the One Health concept; however, a shortage of collaborative student programs, insufficient environmental training for health professionals, and a lack of institutional support impede progress. As a group of students from ecology, medicine, veterinary medicine, and global public health, we offer a vision for improving tertiary education to prepare environmental and health professionals to address a changing world. We outline the need for, and challenges facing, One Health and suggest ways to implement a collaborative educational network, both within the US and internationally. We also emphasize training opportunities and highlight potential hotspots of One Health excellence in the US, which are poised to use existing educational resources to train a new generation of One Health professionals.

Excellence

Global Health

Pandemic

One Health

10.1890/090159

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Citations (58)

Climate change and health approach and action plan

Montserrat Meiro-Lorenzo Timothy Bouley Gary Kleiman Patrick L. Osewe Tamer Rabie

Climate change (CC) impacts on health outcomes, both direct and indirect, are sufficient to jeopardize achieving the World Bank Group’s visions and agendas in poverty reduction, population resilience, and health, nutrition and population (HNP). In the last 5 years, the number of voices calling for stronger international action on climate change and health has increased, as have the scale and depth of activities. But current global efforts in climate and health are inadequately integrated. As a result, actions to address climate change, including World Bank Group (WBG) investment and lending, are missing opportunities to simultaneously promote better health outcomes and more resilient populations and health sectors. Accordingly, with the financial support of the Nordic Development Fund (NDF), the World Bank Group set out to develop an approach and a 4-year action plan, outlined in this paper, to integrate health-related climate considerations into selected WBG sector plans and investments. The approach and 4-year action plan is to integrate health-related climate considerations into selected WBG sector plans and investments. It does so using the prevailing health sector conceptual framework of Universal Health Coverage, which brings in the positive and negative impacts that investments in other sectors and areas of the economy have on health outcomes. A substantial share of the impacts that climate has on health are mediated through interventions in sectors other than health. Therefore, while reducing GHGs for climate change reasons will generally produce substantial short- and long-term benefits for health, that alone is unlikely to maximize the outcomes of health investments, and in the case of some investments in non-health sectors it may even negatively affect health outcomes. This paper proposes a two-pronged approach. One prong proposes to focus most of the World Bank’s efforts on improving the climate resilience of the health sector, both through purely adaptive solutions but also through improvements to the sector’s sustainable energy access and efficiency. The other prong proposes to look at selected investments in other sectors that affect climate-sensitive health outcomes, to maximize development impact while minimizing the possibility of maladaptation. As such, this paper sets out to inform key groups within the World Bank. It outlines a potential approach for the WBG in climate and health by considering the current health-climate change imperative, the evolution of the global policy environment and the picture today, and global initiatives and WBG roles now and in the future. It also describes strategic objectives and potential operational steps and tools. The underlying premise is that climate affects health today and has the potential to significantly impact global health and poverty reduction in the future, and that there exists a number of options for the WBG and its partner countries to prevent an added burden of illness or death from a changing climate.

Climate Resilience

Action plan

Global Health

Population Health

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Geographic hotspots for World Bank action on climate change and health : investing in climate change and health series

Gary Kleiman Timothy Bouley Montserrat Meiro-Lorenzo Hui Wang

In the last five years, the number of voices calling for stronger international action on climate change and health has increased, as has the scale and depth of activities. But current global efforts in climate and health are inadequately integrated. As a result, actions to address climate change including World Bank Group investment and lending are missing opportunities to simultaneously promote better health outcomes and resilience.This paper begins by identifying the health impacts that are being felt today and that are projected to worsen in the future without efforts to ensure health considerations are central to any and all climate change adaptation and mitigation measures. Chapter 1 includes an outline of the scope of health impacts from climate change and its drivers, the means of transmission, and a description of the drivers of climate change, and their sources. Chapter 2 describes the methodology used to identify these nations and determine their preparedness for coping with these impacts. Chapter 3 identifies hotspot countries based on this analysis, and narrows the focus to those countries that are both most likely to bear the brunt of a greater burden of disease and death from climate change and climate drivers, and that are the least ready to cope. Coping mechanisms through mitigation and adaptation measures, are outlined in Chapter 4, as are the multiple benefits that can be expected from multi-sector, concerted efforts to address health impacts from climate change, and its drivers.

Preparedness

Global Health

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