Purpose Despite the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy on tumor cells, it has potential severe adverse effects on the surrounding normal tissues. Acute or chronic intestinal adverse effects that are likely to occur in patients undergoing radiotherapy for pelvic and abdominal cancers lead to increased morbidity, significant impairment of the quality of life, and economic losses. Various biological, chemical and pharmacological agents are being tested to protect from and to treat radiation enteritis. This experimental study aimed to investigate the protective effects of melatonin against radiation-induced intestinal injury when administered before radiation exposure in rats. Methods In the present study, villus height and the number of villi in the ileum and jejunum of rats receiving two different doses of intraperitoneal melatonin (5 and 10 mg/kg) prior to a single fraction of radiation given at a dose of 8 Gy to the abdominal region, was evaluated by histopathological examination 3 and 7 days after radiation exposure. Results At a dose of 5 mg/kg, melatonin was found to be effective in preventing radiation-induced injury to villus height in the jejunum and the number of villi in the ileum and jejunum, and at a dose of 10 mg/kg it was also effective in preventing radiation-induced injury to villus height in the ileum. Conclusions Melatonin is effective for the prevention of radiation-induced intestinal injury. This outcome can be considered an evidence to test melatonin in clinical trials.
Hemangiopericytomas are rare hypervascular tumors arising from Zimmerman's pericytes. They usually occur in the soft tissue, and intraosseous lesions are very rare. Surgical excision is the first choice for treatment. Many studies show that patients should be monitored for some time following treatment because of a high rate of recurrence and metastasis after radical resection. This report introduces a 56-year-old patient with a hemangiopericytoma in his parietal bone.Parietal bone, Hemangiopericytoma.Hemanjioperisitomalar, Zimmermann perisitlerden köken alan nadir hipervasküler tümörlerdir. Sıklıkla uyluktaki yumuşak dokularda ve retroperitoneumda rastlanır. İntraosseöz lokalizasyon oldukça nadir-dir. İlk tedavi seçeneği cerrahi eksizyondur. Birçok çalışma geç rekürrens ve metastaz açısından hastaların radikal rezeksiyondan sonra uzun dönem takiplerinin gerkliliğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Biz burada 56 yaşında erkek hastada parietal kemikte lokalize hemanjioperistom olgusunu sunuyoruz.
TRPM7 is known to play a key role in tumor progression by regulating cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion in various cancer cell lines. However, there are no comprehensive clinical studies about the effect of TRPM7 expression on gastric cancer (GC) prognosis. In this study, it was aimed at investigating the effect of TRPM7 expression on prognosis in GC patients. Additionally, for the first time, it was investigated whether the density of Factor XIIIa-expressing tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in GC has an effect on the biological behaviour of the tumor.TRPM7 expression and Factor XIIIa-expressing TAM density were immunohistochemically evaluated in paraffin-embedded tumor tissues of 204 GC patients undergoing surgery at a single institution.Tumor size was clearly higher in cases with high TRPM7 expression than those with low expression (p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U). TRPM7 overexpression was closely related to high depth of tumor invasion (p < 0.001, ANOVA), increased lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001, ANOVA), and high distant metastasis rate (p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U). These findings exposed that high TRPM7 expression is effective in the progression and aggressiveness of GC. In addition, while high CD8+ TIL density affects the prognosis positively, it was determined that high Factor XIIIa+ TAM density negatively affects the prognosis of patients with GC. Furthermore, multivariate analyses revealed TRPM7 overexpression was independently related with short overall (HR 9.64, 95% CI 5.74-16.19, p < 0.001) and disease-free survival (HR 5.67, 95% CI 3.61-8.92, p < 0.001) in GC patients.Our data suggest that high TRPM7 expression is closely related to progressive tumor behaviour in GC and independently negatively affects survival in patients. In addition, it was determined that a high density of Factor XIIIa+ TAMs negatively affects the prognosis of patients with GC.
Context: Sudden death from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not uncommon.Aims: The goal of this study is to elucidate the effect of the cervical spinal roots and the related dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) on cardiorespiratory arrest following SAH.Settings and Design: This was an experimental study conducted on rabbits.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 22 rabbits which were randomly divided into three groups: control (n = 5), physiologic serum saline (SS; n = 6), SAH groups (n = 11). Experimental SAH was performed. Seven of 11 rabbits with SAH died within the first 2 weeks. After 20 days, other animals were sacrificed. The anterior spinal arteries, arteriae nervorum of cervical nerve roots (C6–C8), DRGs, and lungs were histopathologically examined and estimated stereologically.Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed using the PASW Statistics 18.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Intergroup differences were assessed using a one-way ANOVA. The statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.Results: In the SAH group, histopathologically, severe anterior spinal artery (ASA) and arteriae nervorum vasospasm, axonal and neuronal degeneration, and neuronal apoptosis were observed. Vasospasm of ASA did not occur in the SS and control groups. There was a statistically significant increase in the degenerated neuron density in the SAH group as compared to the control and SS groups (P < 0.05). Cardiorespiratory disturbances, arrest, and lung edema more commonly developed in animals in the SAH group.Conclusion: We noticed interestingly that C6–C8 DRG degenerations were secondary to the vasospasm of ASA, following SAH. Cardiorespiratory disturbances or arrest can be explained with these mechanisms.
L-2 hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L2HGA) is a rare, infantile-onset, autosomal recessive organic aciduria affecting exclusively the central nervous system. A case is reported here of L2HGA presenting with macrocephaly and febrile seizure. Although there have been reports of epilepsy associated with L2HGA, to the best of our knowledge this is the second case in literature of febrile seizure in a patient with L2HGA. This report suggests that detailed neurological evaluation of macrocephalic children with febrile convulsion is important. Moreover, metabolic and genetic investigations may be necessary for these kinds of patients.
Cysticercosis is a parasitic tissue infection caused by larval cysts of Taenia solium. Although the disease affects many tissues, it primarily affects the brain and muscles. The most common form is neurocysticercosis, a term used for human central nervous system involvement with T.solium cysts. Neurocysticercosis is an important public health problem in many parts of the world. Its prevalence is particularly high in places where T.solium tapeworms are common, such as Mexico, Central America, South America, Southeast Asia, Africa, China, India, and Nepal. Its incidence has been increasing rapidly in recent years in non-endemic countries, due to both import and local cases, while in some highly endemic areas, numbers appear to have decreased, possibly due to better sanitation and increased public awareness. It is extremely rare in Türkiye. Cysticercosis is usually caused by drinking water or eating food containing tapeworm eggs. Clinical manifestations can range from completely asymptomatic infection to severe illness or death. Although the infection can involve any part of the central nervous system, symptomatic patients mostly have spinal cord involvement, intracerebral lesion, intraventricular cyst or subarachnoid lesion. An intraparenchymal cerebral cyst typically grows slowly and causes minimal symptoms for years or decades after the onset of infection. The site of involvement and the symptoms experienced determine the diagnosis and treatment method. The current general consensus supports antihelmintic and corticosteroid therapy for viable parenchymal lesions. In this report, a neurocysticercosis case with a single brain lesion that was surgically removed and histologically examined was presented. The patient had complaints of lisp in the tongue, numbness in the lips and left face. The patient had no concomitant chronic disease. The patient did not have a travel history or a history of eating pork but had a history of contact with a dead pig two months ago. Upon detection of a central mass in the brain computed tomography examination, surgical procedure was performed on the patient. Based on the identification of a larval stage of T.solium in biopsy material neurocysticercosis was diagnosed. However, histopathologically demonstration of the parasite is not possible in most cases. The patient received an antiparasitic treatment with albendazole 1000 mg/d in combination with dexamethasone. The patient was successfully treated and is still being followed up by calling for controls.
The morphologic mechanism of orgasmic sensation has not yet been understood. Taste roseas may be stimulated by fructose via pudendal nerves, which has not been studied yet.In this study, 27 male adult rabbits were used, which were divided into three groups: 5 as control; 5 as SHAM and 17 used as study group. We injected 0.2 cc of distilled water to SHAM and 0.2 cc of fructose solution to the study group of their urethral orifices, and examined the occurrence of penile erection. The relationship between erection and pudendal nerve ganglia and penile tissues was statistically compared.In animals with high neuron density of pudendal ganglia, more erection phenomenon was observed than those animals with low neuron density. Interestingly, neuron density of pudendal ganglia was 9.243 ± 542 /mm3 in hypoactive and was 5.980 ± 463 /mm3 in non-active animals (p < 0.05).The seminal fructose may stimulate taste roseas of the urethra and glans penis via pudendal nerves. The present study describes a new neuro-morpho-chemical mechanism of orgasmic sensation with its neurosurgical aspect.
Ischemia is defined as cell death caused by insufficient perfusion of the tissue due to reduction in arterial or venous blood flow, depletion of cellular energy storages, and accumulation of toxic metabolites. The positive effects of controlled reperfusion are known and are used clinically. But the positive effects of controlled reperfusion on ovarian tissue have not been seen in the literature yet. The biochemical and histopathological comparative investigation of rat ovaries that were experimentally exposed to ischemia (IG), ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), and ischemia-controlled reperfusion (ICR) was aimed. Forty rats were divided into four groups (10 rats per group). First group: 3 h ischemia by vascular clips on ovarian tissue. Second group: 3 h ischemia + 1 h reperfusion. Third group: 3 h ischemia + 1 h controlled reperfusion (on-off method: controlled reperfusion by opening and closing the clips (on/off) in 10-second intervals, for 5 times for a total of 100 seconds). Fourth group: healthy rats. Biochemical (tGSH, MDA, and DNA damage level and SOD activity) and histopathological analysis were performed. The highest glutathione and superoxide dismutase measurements were found in ischemia/controlled reperfusion group among the ischemia or ischemia/reperfusion groups. Similarly the damage indicators (malondialdehyde, DNA damage level and histopathological damage grade) were the lowest in ischemia/controlled reperfusion group. These results indicate that controlled reperfusion can be helpful in minimizing ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovarian tissue exposed to ischemia for various reasons (ovarian torsion, tumor, etc.).
Background: Different medical therapies are employed in acute lung injury (ALI) but there is still a debate about the efficacy of these drugs. Among these therapies steroids are clinically applied and bosentan is experimentally studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of these two drugs to treat inflammation in ALI by histopathological comparison. Methods: The five experimental groups (n = 5 per group) were: saline control (Group I); lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + saline (Group II); LPS + dexamethasone (Group III); LPS + 50 mg/kg bosentan (Group IV); and LPS + 100 mg/kg bosentan (Group V). Bosentan was administered orally one hour before and 12 hours after LPS treatment. Dexamethasone was administered intraperitoneally in three doses of 1 mg/kg; one dose was co-administered with LPS and the other two doses were given respectively 30 minutes before and after LPS treatment. Vasodilation-congestion, hemorrhage, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration, mononuclear leukocyte (MNL) infiltration, alveolar wall thickening, alveolar destruction/emphysematous appearance, and focal organization were the parameters used as criteria for evaluating inflammation and efficacy of treatment. Results: Compared to the LPS-only group (Group II), dexamethasone treatment (Group III) resulted in significant improvements in vasodilation-congestion, hemorrhage, PMN and MNL infiltration, alveolar wall thickening and emphysematous areas. Treatment with 50 mg/kg dose of bosentan (Group IV) also resulted in significant improvements in hemorrhage, PMN and MNL infiltration, alveolar wall thickening and alveolar destruction. Reducing lung injury and reparative effects of 100 mg/kg bosentan were significant in all parameters. Conclusions: Bosentan is as effective as dexamethasone for treating lung injury in ALI. Bosentan at 100 mg/kg can be recommended as a first treatment choice based on its significant reducing lung injury and reparative effects.
