This paper presents an analytical framework for performance characterization of a novel Stienen cell based user-centric architecture operating in millimeter wave spectrum. In the proposed architecture, at most one remote radio head (RRH) is activated within non overlapping user equipment (UE)-centric Stienen cells (S-cells) generated within the Voronoi region around each UE. Under the presented framework, we derive analytical models for the three key performance indicators (KPIs): i) SINR distribution (used as an indicator for quality of service (QoS)), ii) area spectral efficiency (ASE), and iii) energy efficiency (EE) as a function of the three major design parameters in the proposed architecture, namely UE service probability, S-cell radius coefficient and RRH deployment density. The analysis is validated through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation results provide practical design insights into the interplay among the three design parameters, tradeoffs among the three KPIs, sensitivity of each KPI to the design parameters as well as optimal range of the design parameters. Results show that compared to current non user-centric architectures, the proposed architecture not only offers significant SINR gains, but also the flexibility to meet diverse UE specific QoS requirements and trade between EE and ASE by dynamically orchestrating the design parameters.
In this paper, we establish a cryptographic primitive for wireless communications. An asymmetric physical layer encryption (PLE) scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography is proposed. Compared with the conventional symmetric PLE, asymmetric PLE avoids the need of key distribution on a private channel, and it has more tools available for processing complex-domain signals to confuse possible eavesdroppers when compared with upper-layer public key encryption. We use quantized information entropy to measure the constellation confusion degree. The numerical results show that the proposed scheme provides greater confusion to eavesdroppers and yet does not affect the bit error rate (BER) of the intended receiver (the information entropy of the constellation increases to 17.5 for 9-bit quantization length). The scheme also has low latency and complexity [O(N 2.37 ), where N is a fixed block size], which is particularly attractive for implementation.
This paper presents the design and implementation of efficient & compact flexible rectennas (antenna + rectifier) for wireless power transfer to wearable IoT sensor nodes at 24 GHz. Two different rectifier configurations i.e. shunt and voltage doubler have been analyzed for performance comparison. Experimental results of complete rectenna have also been demonstrated for conformal surfaces. The proposed flexible rectifiers is fabricated through conventional PCB manufacturing method. Measured RF-DC conversion efficiency of 31% and DC voltage of up to 2.4 V is achieved for 20 dBm input power across an optimal load resistance of 300Ω at 24 GHz.
In this article, we develop a stochastic geometric framework for the performance analysis of a large scale smart grid communication network. Our proposed model caters for both topological and channel dynamics. More specifically, we consider a smart grid communication network where an arbitrary smart meter communicates with the metering head-end in a multi-hop manner. Spatial configuration of data aggregation points, which act as relays for the smart meter transmission, is captured using a homogeneous Poisson point process. Optimization of coverage by adaptation of a device level parameter such as transmit power and/or a network level parameter such as aggregation point density is also briefly discussed. The proposed framework is employed to quantify the performance degradation encountered in the presence of malicious black hole attackers. It is shown that the performance degradation can be measured in terms of "welfare loss" or equivalently in terms of outage probability difference. The cross layer approach adapted in this paper demonstrates that the end-to-end outage probability in the presence of attackers can be minimized by adapting the desired signal to noise ratio threshold or equivalently the transmission rate.
This special issue (SI) aims to present recent advances in the design and analysis of communication interfaces for Industry 4.0. The Industry 4.0 paradigm aims to integrate advanced manufacturing techniques with Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) to create an agile digital manufacturing ecosystem. The main goal is to instrument production processes by embedding sensors, actuators and other control devices which autonomously communicate with each other throughout the value-chain [1] .
The widespread use of mobile internet and smart applications has led to an explosive growth in mobile data traffic, which will continue due to the emerging need to connect people, machines, and applications in an ubiquitous manner through the mobile infrastructure. In achieving these expectations, operators and carriers are planning to improve the user experience and the overall network performance. However, the efficient and satisfactory operation of all these densely-deployed networks hinges on a suitable backhaul and fronthaul provisioning. The research community is working against an extremely tight timeline to provide innovative technologies with extensive performance evaluation metrics along with the required standardization milestones, hardware, and components for a fully deployed network by 2020 and beyond. Access, Fronthaul and Backhaul Networks for 5G & Beyond provides an overview from both academic and industrial stakeholders of innovative backhaul/fronthaul solutions, covering a wide spectrum of underlying themes ranging from the recent thrust in edge caching for backhaul relaxation to mmWave based fronthauling for radio access networks. With 20 chapters from leading international researchers in the field, this book is essential reading for engineers, researchers, designers, architects, technicians, students, and service providers in the field of networking and mobile, wireless, and computing technologies working towards the deployment of 5G networks.
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