Benzoxonium chloride belongs to the group of quaternary ammonium salts, which have been widely used for decades as disinfectants because of their high efficacy, low toxicity, and thermal stability. In this study, we have prepared the C10-C18 set of benzoxonium-like salts to evaluate the effect of their chemical and biological decontamination capabilities. In particular, biocidal activity against a panel of bacterial strains including Staphylococcus aureus in biofilm form was screened. In addition, the most promising compounds were successfully tested against Francisella tularensis as a representative of potential biological warfare agents. From a point of view of chemical warfare protection, the efficiency of BOC-like compounds to degrade the organophosphate simulant fenitrothion was examined. Notwithstanding that no single compound with universal effectiveness was identified, a mixture of only two compounds from this group would be able to satisfactorily cover the proposed decontamination spectrum. In addition, the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity as a basic safety parameter for potential use in practice. In summary, the dual effect on chemical and biological agents of benzoxonium-like salts offer attractive potential as active components of decontamination mixtures in the case of a terrorist threat or chemical or biological accidents.
The article is a review of Russian and foreign literature on the problem of angle-closure glaucoma with a plateau iris, methods of its diagnostics and treatment. More than 80 sources of Russian and foreign literature about the problems of diagnostics and treatment of angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) with a plateau iris were analyzed. There are differences in the classification of this disease in foreign practice, namely the differentiation of plateau iris configuration and plateau iris syndrome, which influences the choice of treatment. The analysis pointed out the specifics of diagnostics of this form of glaucoma. The prevailing majority of authors note that patients with PACG with plateau iris have an average depth of the anterior chamber. However, there are studies that prove the opposite. The review also reveals features of the structure and position of the ciliary body and its processes based on the results of anterior segment optical coherence tomography and ultrasonic biomicroscopy. As for the treatment methods, in case of PACG with a plateau iris, hypotensive medication cannot be considered the therapy of choice. Preference is given to laser and surgical methods of treatment. However, at present, there is no consensus on the most effective and safe methods leading to the anterior chamber angle opening and intraocular pressure level stabilization.
WGA-тропного к N-ацетилглюкозамину от тяжести течения и активности воспалительного процесса.Purpose: To analyze the expression of lectins in mucosa of a colon in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), depending on the duration, severity, location and activity of the inflammatory process. Materials and methods: A total of 48 patients with ulcerative colitis and 15 healthy people have been examined. The expression of specific lectins has been determined in mucosa of colon. Results: in healthy patients the expression of the studied lectins has not been observed. In patients with ulcerative colitis there have been differences in the expression of the wheat ovaries lectin. Conclusion: In patients with ulcerative colitis the dependence of expression of the wheat ovaries lectin, WGA-isotropic to N-acetylglucosamine, on the severity and activity of the inflammatory process has been determined.
Einleitung und Ziele Die Leberzirrhose kann zu einer portalen Hypertension und assoziierten Komplikationen, wie der Bildung von Aszites und Varizen(-blutungen), führen. Einschränkungen der körperlichen und mentalen Gesundheit beeinflussen die von Patient:innen empfundene Lebensqualität. Ein transjugulärer intrahepatischer portosystemischer Shunt (TIPS) kann den portalen Druck effektiv senken. In dieser Beobachtungsstudie ist es unser Ziel, die Auswirkungen eines TIPS auf die Lebensqualität (Quality of Life; QoL) zu untersuchen.
<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> An increasing microbial resistance to known antibiotics raises the demand for new antimicrobials. New antibacterial agent should have a good activity against planktonic as well as biofilm bacteria. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), are widely used in medicine, have proven antimicrobial properties, and are low toxic and low irritating. In this study new QACs were evaluated for their biofilm eradication efficiency as antibacterial compounds and as irrigants in combination with Er:YAG photoacoustic streaming.</p> <p><strong>Aims:</strong> To evaluate the effectiveness of new QACs against E. faecalis biofilms and to increase the effectiveness of QACs with laser treatment.</p> <p><strong>Method:</strong> The biofilm of E. faecalis were grown on titanium surface. The fraction of the dead cells and the biofilm surface coverage was determined with LIVE/DEAD<sup>TM</sup> using confocal microscopy (CLSM) before and after QACs treatment. To enhance to effectiveness the biofilm samples were pretreated with QACs followed by short laser Er:YAG photoacoustic streaming treatment.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>All tested QACs were effective against the E. faecalis biofilms. The best anti-biofilm compounds were N-Alkylimidazolinium derivatives. Compared to planktonic bacteria the bacteria in the biofilm were up to 10 fold more resistant. The fraction of the dead bacteria that were treated with QACs followed by Er:YAG photoacoustic streaming increased significantly compared to the chemical treatment alone. In addition, the biofilm surface coverage decreased after laser treatment.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The results suggest that new QACs have a great potential as antibacterial compounds effective against biofilms of E. faecalis. The laser treatment can significantly improve the effectiveness of QACs treatment.</p>