The multistage Wiener filter (MWF) outperforms the full rank Wiener filter in low sample support environments. However, the MWF adaptive process should be stopped at an optimum stage to get the best performance. There are two methods to stop the MWF adaptive process. One method is to calculate until the final full-stage, and the second method is to terminate at r-stage less than full-stage. The computational load is smaller in the latter method, however, a performance degradation is caused by an additional or subtractive stage calculation. Therefore, it is very important for the r-stage calculation to stop an adaptive process at the optimum stage. In this paper, we propose a simple method based on a cross-correlation coefficient to stop the MWF adaptive process. Because its coefficient is calculated by the MWF forward recursion, the optimum stage is determined automatically and additional calculations are avoided. The performance was evaluated by simulation examples, demonstrating the superiority of the proposed method.
To ensure the maintenance of tissues in mammals, cell loss must be balanced with cell production, the proliferative activity being different from tissue to tissue. In this article, the authors propose a new method for the quantification of the proliferative activity, defined as the S-phase fraction of actively cycling cells, by dual labeling with fluorescence and peroxidase immunohistochemistry using BrdU (marker of S-phase) and Ki67 antibodies (marker of G 1 -, S-, G 2 -, and M-phases) after a one-step antigen retrieval. In the generative cell zones of fundic and pyloric glandular stomachs, where the majority of cells were cycling, the authors measured a proliferative activity of 31%. In the epithelium of the forestomach and the skin, where cycling cells are intermingled with G 0 and differentiated cells, proliferative activities were 21% and 13%, respectively. In the adrenal cortex, in which cycling cells were sparsely distributed, the proliferative activity reached 32%. During the regenerative process in the skin after a lesion, the proliferative activity increased in proximity to the wound. The present one-step dual-labeling method has revealed that the proliferative activity is different between tissues and depends on the physiological or pathological state.
Circadian clocks orchestrate multiple different physiological rhythms in a well-synchronized manner. However, how these separate rhythms are interconnected is not exactly understood. Here, we developed a method that allows for the real-time simultaneous measurement of locomotor activity and body temperature of mice using infrared video camera imaging. As expected from the literature, temporal profiles of body temperature and locomotor activity were positively correlated with each other. Basically, body temperatures were high when animals were in locomotion. However, interestingly, increases in body temperature were not always associated with the appearance of locomotor activity. Video imaging revealed that mice exhibit non-locomotor activities such as grooming and postural adjustments, which alone induce considerable elevation of body temperature. Noticeably, non-locomotor movements always preceded the initiation of locomotor activity. Nevertheless, non-locomotor movements were not always accompanied by locomotor movements, suggesting that non-locomotor movements provide a mechanism of thermoregulation independent of locomotor activity. In addition, in the current study, we also report the development of a machine learning-based recording method for the detection of circadian feeding and drinking behaviors of mice. Our data illustrate the potential utility of thermal video imaging in the investigation of different physiological rhythms.
Background and Purpose : Gpr19 encodes an evolutionarily conserved orphan G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with no established physiological function in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of Gpr19 in the circadian clock system. Experimental Approach : We examined whether and how the master circadian clock neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) express Gpr19 . By analysing Gpr19 -deficient ( Gpr19 −/− ) mice, we asked whether Gpr19 has a role in modulating free-running period and light resetting capacity of the circadian clock. Key Results : Compared with the known common core clock genes, Gpr19 was identified to show several distinct yet limited features related to the circadian clock. Gpr19 mRNA was mainly expressed in the middle-to-dorsal region of the SCN. A conserved cAMP-responsive element within the Gpr19 promoter drove the circadian expression of Gpr19 . Gpr19 −/− mice exhibited a prolonged circadian period and a delayed initiation of daily locomotor activity in a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle. Gpr19 deficiency caused the downregulation of several genes that normally peak during the night, including Bmal1 and Gpr176 . Gpr19 −/− mice had a reduced capacity for phase shift to early subjective night light. The defect was only observed for phase-delay, but not phase-advance, and accompanied by reduced response of c-Fos expression in the dorsal region of the SCN, while apparently normal in the ventral part of the SCN, in Gpr19 −/− mice. Conclusion and Implications : Gpr19 is an SCN-enriched orphan GPCR with a distinct role in circadian regulation and thus may be a potential target for alleviating circadian clock disorders.
Other| April 01, 1997 Cl incorporation into successively zoned amphiboles from the Ramnes cauldron, Norway Hisao Sato; Hisao Sato Shinshu University, Department of Geology, Asahi, Japan Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Yoshiaki Yamaguchi; Yoshiaki Yamaguchi Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Kuniaki Makino Kuniaki Makino Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar American Mineralogist (1997) 82 (3-4): 316–324. https://doi.org/10.2138/am-1997-3-410 Article history first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Hisao Sato, Yoshiaki Yamaguchi, Kuniaki Makino; Cl incorporation into successively zoned amphiboles from the Ramnes cauldron, Norway. American Mineralogist 1997;; 82 (3-4): 316–324. doi: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-1997-3-410 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentBy SocietyAmerican Mineralogist Search Advanced Search Abstract Amphibole from alkali granites in the Ramnes cauldron in the Oslo rift was altered hydrothermally by corrosion and growth through multiple events of fluid circulation. The alteration developed successive zones of amphibole at the crystal margins, resulting in a (1) brownish ferro-edenitic hornblende core (FE), (2) deep bluish-green hastingsitic hornblende zone (HH), and (3) light-greenish Fe-rich actinolite rim (FA). The edenitic core preserves the original igneous amphibole composition. The Cl content of amphibole strongly increases from the FE (0.78–0.82 wt%) to the HH zone (2.07–2.96 wt%) and abruptly decreases in the FA rim (0.01–0.36 wt%). In the Cl-rich HH amphibole zone, amphibole has characteristically high Cl content [2.96 wt%, 0.82 atoms per formula unit (apfu)] and high concentrations in both [4]Al (1.73 apfu) and A-site occupancy (0.86 apfu) with a large K/(Na + K) value of 0.47.Both [4]Al and A-site occupancy increase systematically with positive correlation with Cl content throughout the three amphibole zones. On the other hand, Fe2+ content is not so simply correlated to the Cl content. Based on crystal structure considerations on Cl-rich amphiboles, the cation substitutions are illustrated by structural (geometrical) constraints for [4]Al and by a chemical constraint for Fe2+. These contributions for Cl incorporation are expressed empirically by ln(Cl/OH)amp = ln(Cl/OH)fluid + A·[4]Al·Fe2+/RT + B/RT, where A and B are constant. [4]Al·Fe2+ vs. ln(Cl/OH) plots of the three distinct amphibole zones suggest different fluid conditions in chemistry and temperature for the three zones. The zoning was developed through two stages of hydrothermal alteration. In the early hydrothermal event, a saline and high-temperature fluid altered the original hornblende (FE) to the Cl-rich HH zone. Late stage alteration by a high Fe/Cl and relatively low-temperature fluid partially over-printed the FA zone at the crystal margin. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this article.
