Elliot Bryce

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

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R. B. Spielman

University of Rochester

David D. Haddock

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

W. W. Simpson

Bayfront Medical Center

D. H. McDaniel

Sandia National Laboratories California

M. Vargas

Sandia National Laboratories

D. L. Hanson

Sandia National Laboratories

M.G. Mazarakis

Sandia National Laboratories California

J. L. McKenney

Sandia National Laboratories

S. Astbury

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

G. A. Chandler

Sandia National Laboratories

Cooperative Institutions

Sandia National Laboratories

Sandia National Laboratories California

n&k Technology (United States)

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

Science and Technology Facilities Council

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

University of Strathclyde

Los Alamos National Laboratory

University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

Central Laser Facility

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Measurement of the energy and power radiated by a pulsed blackbody x-ray source

Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams (2006)

H.C. Ives W. A. Stygar D. L. Fehl Lynnette Ramirez S. C. Dropinski

We have developed a diagnostic system that measures the spectrally integrated (i.e. the total) energy and power radiated by a pulsed blackbody x-ray source. The total-energy-and-power (TEP) diagnostic system is optimized for blackbody temperatures between 50 and 350 eV. The system can view apertured sources that radiate energies and powers as high as 2 MJ and 200 TW, respectively, and has been successfully tested at 0.84 MJ and 73 TW on the $Z$ pulsed-power accelerator. The TEP system consists of two pinhole arrays, two silicon-diode detectors, and two thin-film nickel bolometers. Each of the two pinhole arrays is paired with a single silicon diode. Each array consists of a $38\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}38$ square array of 10-$\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$-diameter pinholes in a 50-$\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$-thick tantalum plate. The arrays achromatically attenuate the x-ray flux by a factor of $\ensuremath{\sim}1800$. The use of such arrays for the attenuation of soft x rays was first proposed by Turner and co-workers [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 656 (1999)]. The attenuated flux from each array illuminates its associated diode; the diode's output current is recorded by a data-acquisition system with 0.6-ns time resolution. The arrays and diodes are located 19 and 24 m from the source, respectively. Because the diodes are designed to have an approximately flat spectral sensitivity, the output current from each diode is proportional to the x-ray power. The nickel bolometers are fielded at a slightly different angle from the array-diode combinations, and view (without pinhole attenuation) the same x-ray source. The bolometers measure the total x-ray energy radiated by the source and---on every shot---provide an in situ calibration of the array-diode combinations. Two array-diode pairs and two bolometers are fielded to reduce random uncertainties. An analytic model (which accounts for pinhole-diffraction effects) of the sensitivity of an array-diode combination is presented.

Black-body radiation

Effective radiated power

Pinhole (optics)

10.1103/physrevstab.9.110401

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Debris studies for high-repetition rate and high-power laser experiments at the Central Laser Facility

N. Booth S. Astbury Elliot Bryce R. J. Clarke Christopher D. Gregory

Many of the new large European facilities that are in the process of coming online will be operating at high power and high repetition rates. The ability to operate at high repetition rates is important for studies including secondary source generation and inertial confinement fusion research. In these interaction conditions, with solid targets, debris mitigation for the protection of beamline and diagnostic equipment becomes of the upmost importance. These facilities have the potential to take hundreds, if not thousands, of shots every day, creating massive volumes of debris and shot materials. In recent testing of the Central Laser Facility's High Accuracy Microtargetry Supply (HAMS) system on the mid-repetition rate Gemini facility (15 J, 40 fs, 1 shot every 20 seconds), diagnostics were deployed in order to specifically look at the debris emitted from targets designed for high repetition rate experiments. By using a high frame rate camera, it has been possible to observe and characterize some of the debris production, whilst also looking at target fratricide. Alongside these results from Gemini, we also present results of static debris measurements undertaken on the Vulcan Petawatt high energy, high power facility, where the cumulative effects of debris produced by high power laser experiments have been observed.

Repetition (rhetorical device)

10.1117/12.2318946

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