We report for the first time the synthesis of free-standing mesoporous carbon films with highly ordered pore architecture by a simple coating–etching approach, which have an intact morphology with variable sizes as large as several square centimeters and a controllable thickness of 90 nm to ∼3 μm. The mesoporous carbon films were first synthesized by coating a resol precursors/Pluronic copolymer solution on a preoxidized silicon wafer and forming highly ordered polymeric mesostructures based on organic–organic self-assembly, followed by carbonizing at 600 °C and finally etching of the native oxide layer between the carbon film and the silicon substrate. The mesostructure of this free-standing carbon film is confirmed to be an ordered face-centered orthorhombic Fmmm structure, distorted from the (110) oriented body-centered cubic Im3̅m symmetry. The mesoporosity of the carbon films has been evaluated by nitrogen sorption, which shows a high specific BET surface area of 700 m2/g and large uniform mesopores of ∼4.3 nm. Both mesostructures and pore sizes can be tuned by changing the block copolymer templates or the ratio of resol to template. These free-standing mesoporous carbon films with cracking-free uniform morphology can be transferred or bent on different surfaces, especially with the aid of the soft polymer layer transfer technique, thus allowing for a variety of potential applications in electrochemistry and biomolecule separation. As a proof of concept, an electrochemical supercapacitor device directly made by the mesoporous carbon thin films shows a capacitance of 136 F/g at 0.5 A/g. Moreover, a nanofilter based on the carbon films has shown an excellent size-selective filtration of cytochrome c and bovine serum albumin.
Various architectures with nanostructured silicon have demonstrated promising battery performance while posing a challenge in industrial production. The current ratio of silicon in graphite as anode is less than 5 wt %, which greatly limits the battery energy density. In this article, we report a scalable synthesis of a large silicon cage composite (micrometers) that is composed of a silicon skeleton and an ultrathin (<5 nm) mesoporous polypyrrole (PPy) skin via a facile wet-chemical method. The industry available, microsized AlSi alloy was used as precursor. The hollow skeleton configuration provides sufficient space to accommodate the drastic volume expansion/shrinkage upon charging/discharging, while the conductive polymer serves as a protective layer and fast channel for Li+/e- transport. The battery with the microsilicon (μ-Si) cage as anode displays an excellent capacity retention upon long cycling at high charge/discharge rates and high material loadings. At 0.2 C, a specific capacity of ∼1660 mAh/g with a Coulombic efficiency (CE) of ∼99.8% and 99.4% was achieved after 500 cycles at 3 mg/cm2 loading and 400 cycles at 4.4 mg/cm2 loading, respectively. At 1.0 C, a capacity as high as 1149 mAh/g was retained after 500 cycles with such high silicon loading. The areal capacity of as high as 6.4 mAh/cm2 with 4.4 mg/cm2 loading was obtained, which ensures a high battery energy density in powering large devices such as electric vehicles.
Advanced technologies of targeted differentiation and genetic engineering in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer production of purposefully designed cells for transplantation. Here, we engineer rhesus monkey PSCs (rhPSCs) to produce safe and functional neural progenitors and neurons, which could be noninvasively surveyed and controlled after brain transplantation. RhPSCs expressing hM3Dq-mCherry exhibited normal karyotype and had the ability to equally self-renew and differentiate into functional neurons as that of the mCherry expressing control. After allotransplantation into monkey prefrontal cortex, the hM3Dq-mCherry expressing rhPSC-derived cortical progenitors survived and matured gradually, which could be long-term surveyed by [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG-PET) and electroencephalogram (EEG) following clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) administration. Remote activation of transplanted neurons caused increased [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake started at 3 months and reached a plateau 9-12 months post-transplantation. EEG analysis revealed a decrease in the high delta spectrum power while an increase in the beta power after CNO delivery. Notably, no seizure-like spikes were observed even after repeated CNO exposure. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging found no overgrowth in all allografts. Expression of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk), a Ganciclovir (GCV)-induced suicide gene in rhPSCs further assured the safety without sacrificing the functional outcome of brain grafts. Our study offers a feasible strategy for long-term noninvasive survey and remote control of brain-grafted neurons.
Abstract Background Aberrant activation of macrophages is associated with pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). However, the potential pathogenesis has not been explored. Objectives We aimed to identify whether histone deacetylase (HDAC) 10 is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed ALI and reveal the underlying pathogenesis by which it promotes lung inflammation in LPS-exposed ALI via modifying P62 with deacetylation. Methods We constructed an ALI mice model stimulated with LPS to determine the positive effect of Hdac10 deficiency. Moreover, we cultured murine alveolar macrophage cell line (MH-S cells) and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to explore the pro-inflammatory activity and mechanism of HDAC10 after LPS challenge. Results HDAC10 expression was increased both in mice lung tissues and macrophage cell lines and promoted inflammatory cytokines production exposed to LPS. Hdac10 deficiency inhibited autophagy and inflammatory response after LPS stimulation. In vivo, Hdac10 fl/fl -LysMCre mice considerably attenuated lung inflammation and inflammatory cytokines release exposed to LPS. Mechanistically, HDAC10 interacts with P62 and mediates P62 deacetylation at lysine 165 (K165), by which it promotes P62 expression and increases inflammatory cytokines production. Importantly, we identified that Salvianolic acid B (SAB), an HDAC10 inhibitor, reduces lung inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated ALI. Conclusion These results uncover a previously unknown role for HDAC10 in regulating P62 deacetylation and aggravating lung inflammation in LPS-induced ALI, implicating that targeting HDAC10 is an effective therapy for LPS-exposed ALI.
A hierarchical meso-/micro-porous graphitized carbon with uniform mesopores and ordered micropores, graphitized frameworks, and extra-high surface area of ∼2200 m2/g, was successfully synthesized through a simple one-step chemical vapor deposition process. The commercial mesoporous zeolite Y was utilized as a meso-/ micro-porous template, and the small-molecule methane was employed as a carbon precursor. The as-prepared hierarchical meso-/micro-porous carbons have homogeneously distributed mesopores as a host for electrolyte, which facilitate Li+ ions transport to the large-area micropores, resulting a high reversible lithium ion storage of 1000 mA h/g and a high columbic efficiency of 65% at the first cycle.
The Department of Energy (DoE) announced the >500 Wh/Kg even 600 Wh/Kg target of the energy density for next-generation lithium-ion batteries in the incoming 3-5 years, to meet the rapidly growing market in electrical vehicles (EVs) and portable electronic devices. In order to reach this goal, Li metal, is considered as the most promising candidate as anode (Xu, Energy Environ Sci 2014). However, the dendrite forming, low Coulombic efficiency, and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) pose big challenges in applying Li metal in batteries (Chandrashekar, Nat Mater 2012). Herewe report a novel, single-side Li-infused carbon fiber fabric (LiCFF) with a controllable, minimized Li loading, which shows a highly reversible plating/stripping with a low overpotential of less than 50 mV (Li foil: >1.0 V over 50 cycles) in symmetric cells up to >3000 cycles (>6000 hours) ( Energy Environ Sci, under review ). Full cell batteries using the LiCFF as ‘all-in-one’ anode without additional slurry-making process and nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide (NMC) as cathode exhibit an improved capacity retention when compared with Li foil: 32% at 0.5 C and 119% at 1.0 C capacity improved after 100 cycles. In parallel, the mossy/dendritic Li on the LiCFF was largely suppressed, which was confirmed using in-situ observations of Li plating/striping in a capillary cell. The stable, uniform deposition of a thin, controllable Li layer on CFF using a facile ironing method lead to form a reversible, dendrite-free Li metal electrode, which enables practical applications in Li-metal based batteries such as Li-S, Li-O 2 , and Li-transition metals.
Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xinhuang Tablet compared with celecoxib and diclofenac sodium in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with pyretic arthromyodynia.
Methods
Ninety patients with knee osteoarthritis of pyretic arthromyodynia were randomly divided into three groups: celecoxib group (group A) , diclofenac sodium group (group B) and Xinhuang tablet group (group C) . The clinical efficacy was evaluated before the treatment, and 3, 7 and 14 days after the treatment, including symptoms, signs and joint index scores which reflected function of joint. Blood and urine samples were taken for testing the liver and renal function before and 14 days after the administration to assess the safety of the drugs. Besides, the adverse reactions were recorded throughout the course of medication.
Results
The total scores of symptoms in group B and C were lower at 7 and 14 days after the treatment than those before the treatment (P 0.05) . The signs and joint index scores in the three groups were significantly lower at 3, 7 and 14 days after the treatment than those bofore the treatment (P<0.05) ; the scores were lower at 7 days after the treatment in group C than those in group A, and lower at 14 days after the treatment in group B and C than those in group A (P<0.05) . The blood and urine routine, liver and kidney function tests were not shown abnormality after the treatment in the three groups. During the entire course of treatment, only 5 patients revealed adverse gastrointestinal discomfort (16.7%) in group B.
Conclusion
Xinhuang tablet and diclofenac sodium can all improve clinical symptoms, signs and joint function for patients with knee osteoarthritis of pyretic arthromyodynia as compared with celecoxib, but the possibility of gastrointestinal adverse reactions in diclofenac sodium treatment group may be higher.
Key words:
Osteoarthritis, knee; Xinhuang tablet; Celecoxib; Diclofenac sodium
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