James D. Esinhart

Research Triangle Park Foundation

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i-10 index

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Co-Authors

Vernon M. Chinchilli

Pennsylvania State University

L. D. Blackburn

St James's University Hospital

Albert L. Wiley

IHS Markit (United States)

Tung‐Kwang Lee

East Carolina University

J F Silverman

Medical University of South Carolina

Terence K. Lee

Hong Kong Polytechnic University

N. Cate Shappley

East Carolina University

John D. Hamilton

University of Hawaii at Hilo

Robert H. Fisher

Good Samaritan Hospital

Debra Minor-Schork

University Medical Center

Cooperative Institutions

East Carolina University

Virginia Commonwealth University

University Medical Center

Research Triangle Park Foundation

Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center

Stanford University

Johns Hopkins University

Medical University of South Carolina

United States Department of Veterans Affairs

University of South Alabama

Author Statistics

Papers

Citation

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The size of small cell lung carcinoma cells. Ratio to lymphocytes and correlation with specimen size and crush artifact.

PubMed (1992)

Terence K. Lee James D. Esinhart L. D. Blackburn J F Silverman

The size of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells has often been ambiguously defined as one and a half to four times that of a lymphocyte. The purpose of this study was to determine the ratio of nuclear diameter (ND) of SCLC cells to that of lymphocytes in the same tissue sections and to assess whether the size of SCLC cells correlates with the size of tumor specimens and crush artifact. The overall mean ND (microns +/- SD) of SCLC cells was 9.2 +/- 2.1, found in 36 oat cell carcinomas (OAT, 1,800 nuclei) and 16 intermediate cell carcinomas (INT, 800 nuclei). The mean ND of OAT and INT cells was 8.1 +/- 1.3 and 11.6 +/- 1.5, respectively. The mean ND of lymphocytes (2,600 nuclei) was 5.2 +/- 0.3. The overall mean of ND ratios (+/- SD) between SCLC cells and lymphocytes was 1.8 +/- 0.4 (median, 1.7), 1.6 +/- 0.2 for OAT and 2.2 +/- 0.3 for INT. The mean size of the 52 SCLC biopsy specimens was 0.6 +/- 0.9 cm. Of all the biopsies, 84.6% (n = 44) showed various degrees of tissue crushing. The ND of SCLC cells was associated with specimen size (P = .004) and the degree of tissue crushing (P = .001). Therefore, our findings further support the hypothesis that OAT should be considered the effect of artifact rather than a true variant of SCLC and that the ND of SCLC cells is approximately two times that of lymphocytes.

Oat cell carcinoma

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Citations (16)

Structure-activity relationship of 2-(ar) alkoxyadenosines at the adenosine A2 receptor in coronary artery

European Journal of Pharmacology (1993)

Shah R. Makujina Ray A. Olsson James D. Esinhart S. Jamal Mustafa

Adenosine A1 receptor

Adenosine receptor antagonist

10.1016/0014-2999(93)90164-d

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Citations (5)

Partial Likelihood Analysis of Within-Unit Variances in Repeated Measurement Experiments

Biometrics (1995)

Vernon M. Chinchilli James D. Esinhart W. Greg Miller

The objectives of some experiments are to compare the variances of two or more treatments, products, or techniques. If the investigator is more concerned about within-unit variances rather than between-unit variances, then a repeated measurement design is needed. We invoke a random effects model with heterogeneous within-unit variances for certain repeated measurement designs. We do not impose any distributional assumptions for the random effects, whereas we assume either a normal or multivariate t distribution for the random errors. We propose a partial likelihood analysis for population-based inference and individual-based inference. We illustrate the methodology with an example from a trial comparing serum cholesterol measurements from a routine laboratory analyzer to those of a standardized method.

Repeated measures design

Statistical Inference

10.2307/2533326

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Citations (19)

Variations associated with disaggregation methods in DNA flow cytometry.

PubMed (1993)

Tung-Kwang Lee Albert L. Wiley James D. Esinhart Roger S. Riley L. D. Blackburn

We investigated the variations in DNA ploidy by flow cytometry (FC) among cell suspensions acquired by different disaggregation methods from the same tumor specimens. Cell suspensions (n = 121) of 40 solid tumors were obtained by mechanical mincing (n = 33), enzymatic digestion (n = 19), in vitro fine needle aspiration (FNA) (n = 34) or scraping (n = 35) of the tumor tissues. Mechanical disaggregation gave the highest cell yield, whereas enzymatic digestion provided the best cell viability. The mean values for the G0/G1 coefficient of variation, DNA indices and percent S phase were not significantly different in cell suspensions obtained with the four methods. However, the yield of malignant cells ranged from 60.4 +/- 5.3% (SEM) (enzymatic) to 82.3 +/- 3.1% (scraping). Tissue aliquots of 32 tumors were disaggregated by three to four methods, and the combined results of DNA ploidy obtained from different cell preparations showed that 22 tumors were nondiploid, but concordance with an abnormal DNA peak was found in only 27.3% (6/22) of the DNA nondiploid tumors. Our results indicate that scraping tumor tissue appears to be the best method for DNA FC since it has the highest percentage (61.3) of DNA nondiploid clones. Also, we believe the multiple samplings may provide comprehensive information on the DNA ploidy of solid tumors.

Concordance

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Citations (7)

How small are the small cells in small cell lung cancer sclc a morphometric study comparing nuclear diameters of sclc to lymphocytes

American Journal of Clinical Pathology (1991)

James D. Esinhart L. D. Blackburn J F Silverman

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Radiation dose‐dependent variations of micronuclei production in cytochalasin B‐blocked human lymphocytes

Birth Defects Research (1994)

Tung‐Kwang Lee Albert L. Wiley James D. Esinhart L. D. Blackburn

Abstract Using the cytokinesis‐block technique, lymphocytes from healthy volunteers (n = 9) were evaluated for (1) the radiation dose‐response curve for micronuclei (MN) expression; (2) technique variables on the yield of MN; and (3) the shortest lymphocyte incubation time required for the MN assay. We found that the best fitting of relationships between increasing MN production and increasing irradiation dose (0–4.0 Gy) was the linear‐quadratic model as expressed by the yield equation Y = C + αD + βD 2 ( P = 0.0003). When lymphocytes were irradiated in vitro with 2.0 Gy and harvested at various time intervals, MN increased during the entire 84 hr culture time. The radiation caused a division delay in lymphocyte as indicated by an increased frequency of mononucleated cells and a decreased number of mitotic indices. The data showed that a shortened culture time (60 hr) for the MN assay is possible and that binucleated cells with ⩾ 3 MN were found only in cells irradiated at ⩾ 2.0 Gy. These findings suggest that scoring of MN in lymphocytes may be a practical biological dosimeter for the rapid screening of accidental radiation exposure victims, especially when their clinical manifestations are not obvious. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Cytochalasin B

Binucleated cells

10.1002/tcm.1770140102

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Citations (25)

Extension to the use of tolerance intervals for the assessment of individual bioequivalence

Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics (1994)

James D. Esinhart Vernon M. Chinchilli

For the determination of bioequivalence, researchers have recently shifted their emphasis from average bioequivalence alone to average and individual bioequivalence. Existing methods for assessing average bioequivalence were first developed for the standard 2 × 2 crossover design, but these methods are easily generalized to the two-treatment, ρ-period crossover designs (e.g., TRR, RTT, and TTRR, RRTT, TRRT, RTTR). With respect to individual bioequivalence, Westlake (1,2) implemented the use of parametric and distribution-free tolerance intervals for assessing individual bioequivalence. Anderson and Hauck (3) described what they call the test of individual equivalence ratios (TIER) for the same purpose. Note that these methods have been applied and/or developed only for the standard 2 × 2 crossover design. The present work extends the method of using parametric tolerance intervals for assessing individual bioequivalence.

Bioequivalence

Crossover study

Tolerance interval

10.1080/10543409408835071

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Citations (43)

Chronic Rhinitis: An Underrecognized Association with Fibromyalgia

Allergy and Asthma Proceedings (1992)

Crawford H. Cleveland Robert H. Fisher Eric P. Brestel James D. Esinhart W. James Metzger

We prospectively studied 47 consecutive patients with either seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis or nonallergic rhinitis in a general allergy clinic. A diagnostic questionnaire was administered for symptoms of rhinitis and fibromyalgia, and patients were examined for tender points. A history of congestion was present in 91%, rhinorrhea in 87%, and postnasal drip in 83%. Forty-nine percent had a history of diffuse, aching pain, or tiredness for at least 3 months; 49% percent had 11 or more tender points; and 38% had both a history of widespread pain plus 11 or more tender points (the 1990 criteria of the American College of Rheumatology for fibromyalgia). This frequency is much higher than the expected 4 to 5% prevalence of fibromyalgia in a general population. Seventy-nine percent of all subjects were skin-test positive to inhalant allergens, but positive skin tests alone did not correlate with the number of tender points or criteria for fibromyalgia. Rhinitis, rather than atopy, is associated with fibromyalgia and may be an underdiagnosed, but important causative factor.

Nonallergic rhinitis

Atopy

Nasal congestion

10.2500/108854192778817077

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Citations (43)

Analysis of multiple-dose bioequivalence studies

Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics (1994)

Vernon M. Chinchilli James D. Esinhart William H. Barr

In multiple-dose bioequivalence studies, it is possible at steady state to take repeated measurements of pharmacokinetic variables, such as area under the curve (AUC) and the maximum concentration (CMAX) of the blood concentration-time profile, within each period of a crossover design. We develop a bivariate random effects model for such a situation in a 2 × 2 crossover design using the natural log scale for AUC and CMAX that assumes no differential carryover effects and includes components for inter- and intrasubject variability with respect to both formulations. We derive the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators, which also happen to be restricted maximum likelihood estimators, and we provide a sample size formula.

Bioequivalence

Crossover study

10.1080/10543409408835093

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Citations (5)

Hispanic Persons in Business: Is There Cause for Optimism?

Psychological Reports (1991)

Joseph Tomkiewicz O. C. Brenner James D. Esinhart

An investigation was undertaken to assess whether Hispanic persons have cause for optimism in their quest to compete for managerial business positions. Using three instruments, statistical analysis of data from 262 students graduating with Master of Business Administration degrees indicated that 109 respondents perceived Hispanic managerial candidates no differently in comparison with white managers than 153 students saw black managerial candidates in comparison with white managers. Given that black managerial candidates have experienced difficulty in achieving high organizational status, Hispanic people may experience similar barriers.

White (mutation)

Statistical Analysis

10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3.847

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Citations (6)