Asthma and obesity are related diseases however the influence of obesity on asthma severity is not clear yet. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the association between obesity and asthma control evaluated on the basis of symptoms and asthma control questionnaire (ACQ).We enrolled 98 children with asthma aged 4 to 14 years consecutively and recorded their disease characteristics and severity parameters as well as the symptom scores. All children filled in the ACQ. Children were classified as obese and non-obese according to body mass index. Obesity was defined as body mass index over 90th percentile.Mean age of the children in the obese group (n= 27) was 8.1 ± 2.6 while that in the non-obese group (n= 71) was 8.6 ± 2.9 (p= 0.41). Asthma symptom score in obese and non-obese groups were not significantly different (p= 0.73). Children in the obese group had lower ACQ scores when compared to the non-obese group (1.2 ± 0.9 vs 1.7 ± 1.0, p= 0.04) however this significance was lost when controlled for age and gender in the regression model.The results of this study suggest that obesity is not significantly associated with worse asthma control when adjusted for age and gender.
Purpose: This study compared the intraoperative changes in the corrected QT dispersion and heart rate variability, predictors of autonomic cardiac function, in laparotomic and laparoscopic adnexal surgery. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 46 American Society of Anaesthesiologists class I/II patients, aged 33–51 years, randomized to one of two groups, for elective gynecologic laparotomy or laparoscopy for a benign adnexal mass. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane. Corrected QT dispersion and spectral powers of heart rate variability were measured at baseline, before the induction of anesthesia, and intraoperatively during the adnexal surgery for 15 minutes. The lithotomy and Trendelenburg positions were set at 145 degrees and 30 degrees between thigh and body, respectively. Pneunoperitoneum was established at 12 mm Hg. Laparoscopic surgery was performed via one principal and two ancillary ports. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: A significant increase was observed in intraoperative standard deviation of RR interval values of heart rate variability in both groups compared to preoperative values (P < 0.05). The corrected QT dispersion and low and high frequency heart rate variability showed no significant changes between the two groups. Conclusion: Gynecologic laparoscopy with pneumoperitoneum in the lithotomy and Trendelenburg positions is as safe as laparatomy and seems not to deteriorate the autonomic cardiac function.
We analyze the cumulative data from the SNO, KamLAND and other solar neutrino experiments in the standard scenario of three oscillating active neutrinos. We determine the solar neutrino oscillation parameters and obtain new bounds on θx. We also place constraints on the fraction of oscillating solar neutrinos that transform to sterile neutrinos with the 8B flux normalization left free. Concomitantly, we assess the sensitivity of future data from the SNO and KamLAND experiments to θx and to the sterile neutrino content of the solar flux.
Objective: We aimed to investigate the role of nicotine as a cause of EBD and EMT in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) and asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells (AHBEC). Methods: We used HBEC and AHBEC commercial cell line cultures for this study and treated with 6x10-6 mol/l nicotine. We evaluated nicotine treated (NT) and nicotine non-treated (NNT) HBEC and AHBEC at 24, 48 and 72 hours. We measured E-cadherin (E-cad), N-cadherin (N-cad), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) with Western Blot and levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), Wnt3a as well as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) with ELISA in these cultures. Results: Comparison of NT with NNT HBEC showed lower N-cad levels at 24 hours (p=0.043); no significant difference was detected at 48 and 72 hours. N-cad was found to be higher in non-NT AHBEC versus HBEC at 24 hours (p=0.046). Moreover, comparison of NT HBEC with AHBEC showed that N-cad was higher in AHBEC at 24 hours (p=0.046). However, there was no significant difference between the groups at 48 and 72 hours (table 1). Conclusion: Detection of higher N-cad levels in AHBEC compared to HBEC without nicotine exposure as well as during the early stages of nicotin exposure may be a sign of tendency of asthmatic epitelial cells for EMT. This may result in worse prognosis with nicotine exposure in asthmatic.
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