Amy E. Zanne

Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

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William K. Cornwell

UNSW Sydney

Habacuc Flores‐Moreno

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

Ian J. Wright

Macquarie University

Jeff R. Powell

Western Sydney University

Alexander W. Cheesman

James Cook University

Mark Westoby

Macquarie University

Steven Allison

University of California, Irvine

Paul Eggleton

Natural History Museum

Lucas A. Cernusak

James Cook University

Brad Oberle

New College of Florida

Cooperative Institutions

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

118

Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement

John Wiley & Sons (United States)

Ecological Society of America

Macquarie University

Western Sydney University

Australian National University

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

University of Western Australia

Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Oak genome reveals facets of long lifespan

Nature Plants (2018)

Christophe Plomion Jean‐Marc Aury Joëlle Amselem Thibault Leroy Florent Murat

Oaks are an important part of our natural and cultural heritage. Not only are they ubiquitous in our most common landscapes1 but they have also supplied human societies with invaluable services, including food and shelter, since prehistoric times2. With 450 species spread throughout Asia, Europe and America3, oaks constitute a critical global renewable resource. The longevity of oaks (several hundred years) probably underlies their emblematic cultural and historical importance. Such long-lived sessile organisms must persist in the face of a wide range of abiotic and biotic threats over their lifespans. We investigated the genomic features associated with such a long lifespan by sequencing, assembling and annotating the oak genome. We then used the growing number of whole-genome sequences for plants (including tree and herbaceous species) to investigate the parallel evolution of genomic characteristics potentially underpinning tree longevity. A further consequence of the long lifespan of trees is their accumulation of somatic mutations during mitotic divisions of stem cells present in the shoot apical meristems. Empirical4 and modelling5 approaches have shown that intra-organismal genetic heterogeneity can be selected for6 and provides direct fitness benefits in the arms race with short-lived pests and pathogens through a patchwork of intra-organismal phenotypes7. However, there is no clear proof that large-statured trees consist of a genetic mosaic of clonally distinct cell lineages within and between branches. Through this case study of oak, we demonstrate the accumulation and transmission of somatic mutations and the expansion of disease-resistance gene families in trees.

10.1038/s41477-018-0172-3

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Citations (403)

Functional traits and the growth-mortality tradeoff in tropical trees

Ecology (2010)

S. Joseph Wright‬Kaoru Kitajima Nathan J. B. Kraft Peter B. Reich Ian J. Wright

Tropical forest

10.1890/09-2335

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Citations (108)

Erratum: Corrigendum: Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments

Nature (2014)

Amy E. Zanne David C. Tank William K. Cornwell Jonathan M. Eastman Stephen A. Smith

10.1038/nature13842

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Citations (43)

When a tree falls: Controls on wood decay predict standing dead tree fall and new risks in changing forests

PLoS ONE (2018)

Brad Oberle Kiona Ogle Amy E. Zanne Christopher W. Woodall

When standing dead trees (snags) fall, they have major impacts on forest ecosystems. Snag fall can redistribute wildlife habitat and impact public safety, while governing important carbon (C) cycle consequences of tree mortality because ground contact accelerates C emissions during deadwood decay. Managing the consequences of altered snag dynamics in changing forests requires predicting when snags fall as wood decay erodes mechanical resistance to breaking forces. Previous studies have pointed to common predictors, such as stem size, degree of decay and species identity, but few have assessed the relative strength of underlying mechanisms driving snag fall across biomes. Here, we analyze nearly 100,000 repeated snag observations from boreal to subtropical forests across the eastern United States to show that wood decay controls snag fall in ways that could generate previously unrecognized forest-climate feedback. Warmer locations where wood decays quickly had much faster rates of snag fall. The effect of temperature on snag fall was so strong that in a simple forest C model, anticipated warming by mid-century reduced snag C by 22%. Furthermore, species-level differences in wood decay resistance (durability) accurately predicted the timing of snag fall. Differences in half-life for standing dead trees were similar to expected differences in the service lifetimes of wooden structures built from their timber. Strong effects of temperature and wood durability imply future forests where dying trees fall and decay faster than at present, reducing terrestrial C storage and snag-dependent wildlife habitat. These results can improve the representation of forest C cycling and assist forest managers by helping predict when a dead tree may fall.

Coarse Woody Debris

Dead tree

Cycling

10.1371/journal.pone.0196712

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Citations (44)

The evolutionary assembly of forest communities along environmental gradients: recent diversification or sorting of pre-adapted clades?

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2020)

Alexander G. Linan Jonathan A. Myers Christine E. Edwards Amy E. Zanne Stephen A. Smith

Summary Biogeographic events occurring in the deep past can contribute to the structure of modern ecological communities. However, little is known about how the emergence of environmental gradients shape the evolution of species that underlie community assembly. In this study, we address how the creation of novel environments lead to community assembly via two non-mutually exclusive processes: 1) the immigration and ecological sorting of pre-adapted clades (ISPC), and 2) recent adaptive diversification (RAD). We study these processes in the context of the elevational gradient created by the uplift of the Central Andes. We develop a novel approach and method based on the decomposition of species turnover into within- and among-clade components, where clades correspond to lineages that originated before mountain uplift. Effects of ISPC and RAD can be inferred from how components of turnover change with elevation. We test our approach using data from over 500 Andean forest plots. We found that species turnover between communities at different elevations is dominated by the replacement of clades that originated before the uplift of the Central Andes. Our results suggest that immigration and sorting of clades pre-adapted to montane habitats is the primary mechanism shaping communities across elevations.

Global Change

10.1101/2020.12.22.424032

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Citations (4)

Greenhouse Trace Gases in Deadwood

EGUGA (2016)

Kristofer Covey Cliff Bueno de Mesquita Brad Oberle Dan Maynard Charles Bettigole

TRACE (psycholinguistics)

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Citations (0)

Global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought

Various articles (2012)

Brendan Choat Steven Jansen Timothy J. Brodribb Hervé Cochard Sylvain Delzon

Shifts in rainfall patterns and increasing temperatures associated with climate change are likely to cause widespread forest decline in regions where droughts are predicted to increase in duration and severity. One primary cause of productivity loss and plant mortality during drought is hydraulic failure. Drought stress creates trapped gas emboli in the water transport system, which reduces the ability of plants to supply water to leaves for photosynthetic gas exchange and can ultimately result in desiccation and mortality. At present we lack a clear picture of how thresholds to hydraulic failure vary across a broad range of species and environments, despite many individual experiments. Here we draw together published and unpublished data on the vulnerability of the transport system to drought-induced embolism for a large number of woody species, with a view to examining the likely consequences of climate change for forest biomes. We show that 70% of 226 forest species from 81 sites worldwide operate with narrow (,1 megapascal) hydraulic safety margins against injurious levels of drought stress and therefore potentially face long-term reductions in productivity and survival if temperature and aridity increase as predicted for many regions across the globe. Safety margins are largely independent of mean annual precipitation, showing that there is global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought, with all forest biomes equally vulnerable to hydraulic failure regardless of their current rainfall environment. These findings provide insight into why drought-induced forest decline is occurring not only in arid regions but also in wet forests not normally considered at drought risk.

Biome

Vulnerability

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Citations (3)

Zanne et al. reply

Nature (2015)

Amy E. Zanne David C. Tank William K. Cornwell Jonathan M. Eastman Stephen A. Smith

10.1038/nature14394

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Citations (2)

Global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought

Nature (2012)

Brendan Choat Steven Jansen Timothy J. Brodribb Hervé Cochard Sylvain Delzon

Biome

Drought Tolerance

10.1038/nature11688

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Citations (2,328)

The global spectrum of plant form and function: enhanced species-level trait dataset

Scientific Data (2022)

Sandra Dı́az Jens Kattge Johannes H. C. Cornelissen Ian J. Wright Sandra Lavorel

Here we provide the 'Global Spectrum of Plant Form and Function Dataset', containing species mean values for six vascular plant traits. Together, these traits -plant height, stem specific density, leaf area, leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen content per dry mass, and diaspore (seed or spore) mass - define the primary axes of variation in plant form and function. The dataset is based on ca. 1 million trait records received via the TRY database (representing ca. 2,500 original publications) and additional unpublished data. It provides 92,159 species mean values for the six traits, covering 46,047 species. The data are complemented by higher-level taxonomic classification and six categorical traits (woodiness, growth form, succulence, adaptation to terrestrial or aquatic habitats, nutrition type and leaf type). Data quality management is based on a probabilistic approach combined with comprehensive validation against expert knowledge and external information. Intense data acquisition and thorough quality control produced the largest and, to our knowledge, most accurate compilation of empirically observed vascular plant species mean traits to date.

Trait

Categorical variable

Vascular plant

Specific leaf area

Taxonomic rank

10.1038/s41597-022-01774-9

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Citations (53)