Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common pathogen causing nosocomial infections. Resistance of P. aeruginosa strains to broad-spectrum cephalosporins may be mediated by extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs).We intended to investigate the prevalence of ESBLs and antimicrobial susceptibilities of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients in Zahedan, Iran.In this cross-sectional study, during 2012-2013, 116 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from a teaching hospital in Zahedan, Iran. Susceptibility to eight antimicrobial agents was carried out by disk diffusion method. The ESBL producing strains were detected by combination disk test (CDT). ESBL positive isolates as well as other isolates showing minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ≥ 4 μg/mL for ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and aztreonam, were screened for the presence of the genes encoding blaTEM, blaSHV, blaPER-1 and blaVEB-1, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Ciprofloxacin and piperacillin were the most efficient antipseudomonal agents. The results disclosed that 19 (16.37%) of the isolates were multidrug resistant and 8 (6.89%) were ESBL-positive. Of the 116 isolates, 30 (25.86%) were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime or aztreonam and among these 30 (100%), 4 (13.3%), 2 (6.6%) and 2 (6.6%), amplified blaTEM, blaVEB-1, blaPER-1 and blaSHV, respectively. From the 30 TEM-positive isolates, 22 were ESBL-negative. Sequencing of the ESBL genes verified the accuracy of the PCR products.According to our results, blaTEM-116 was the most frequent isolated ESBL gene among the P. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients.
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with extra- articular involvement. Eyes in particular are one of the most common sites of involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. On the other hand, dry eye syndrome is the most common conflict in terms of management. Particular studies suggested dry eye has been associated with greater rheumatoid arthritis severity, but its association with disease severity is not known. Objectives: To investigate relationship between the severity of active RA and dry eye. Patients and Methods: In this cross- sectional study, 60 patients with RA were enrolled. Severity of RA was calculated using the formula of DAS28-ESR. Simultaneously, in addition to clinical findings of rheumatoid arthritis, appropriated eye examinations were performed. Relationships between the severities of RA with a positive rate of dry eye syndrome were assessed. Results: The mean severity of RA that had definite dry eye syndrome according to DAS28-ESR was 4.53 mm. However in the group without dry eye syndrome the calculation was 3.93. Totally, there was no significant correlation between the severity of RA and dry eye syndrome (P = 0.39). Conclusions: Our investigation showed that dry eye syndrome is not associated with severity of rheumatoid arthritis.
Journal Article Cohort Profile: The Zahedan Adult Cohort Study (ZACS)—a prospective study of non-communicable diseases in Sistani and Baluch populations Get access Fariba Shahraki-Sanavi, Fariba Shahraki-Sanavi Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mark Woodward, Mark Woodward George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Hassan Okati-Aliabad Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Corresponding author. Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Blvd. Jannat, Zahedan, Iran. E-mail: dr.okati@zaums.ac.ir Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mahdi Mohammadi, Mahdi Mohammadi Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alireza Khorram, Alireza Khorram Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sahar Shabestari, Sahar Shabestari Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hossein Poustchi, Hossein Poustchi Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reza Malekzadeh Reza Malekzadeh Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar International Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 51, Issue 6, December 2022, Pages e350–e357, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyac011 Published: 09 February 2022 Article history Received: 07 July 2021 Editorial decision: 11 December 2021 Accepted: 25 January 2022 Published: 09 February 2022
Background: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) represents a significant and rapid emerging problem around the world. Nowadays, antibiotic resistance determinants are prevalent in both hospital and community strains of Gram-negative enteric bacteria. Materials and Methods: In this sectional-descriptive study, 87 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were collected from outpatients and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for third-generation cephalosporins and ESBLs production were assessed. Results: Of 87 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates, 20 (22.9%) isolates represented the ESBLs phenotype. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that the resistance to the third-generation cephalosporins in K. pneumoniae strains isolated from outpatients is relatively high in Zahedan.
Opium use was recently classified as a human carcinogen for lung cancer by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We conducted a large, multicenter case-control study evaluating the association between opium use and the risk of lung cancer. We recruited 627 cases and 3477 controls from May 2017 to July 2020. We used unconditional logistic regression analyses to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and measured the association between opium use and the risk of lung cancer. The ORs were adjusted for the residential place, age, gender, socioeconomic status, cigarettes, and water pipe smoking. We found a 3.6-fold risk of lung cancer for regular opium users compared to never users (95% CI: 2.9, 4.6). There was a strong dose-response association between a cumulative count of opium use and lung cancer risk. The OR for regular opium use was higher for small cell carcinoma than in other histology (8.3, 95% CI: 4.8, 14.4). The OR of developing lung cancer among opium users was higher in females (7.4, 95% CI: 3.8, 14.5) than in males (3.3, 95% CI: 2.6, 4.2). The OR for users of both opium and tobacco was 13.4 (95% CI: 10.2, 17.7) compared to nonusers of anything. The risk of developing lung cancer is higher in regular opium users, and these results strengthen the conclusions on the carcinogenicity of opium. The association is stronger for small cell carcinoma cases than in other histology.
Background: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a global problem in hospitals and significant causes of mortality and morbidity regardless of advances in supportive care, antimicrobial therapy and prevention. The study aimed to determine a comprehensive estimate of the HAIs prevalence, influential factors, and types of these infections in Iran. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using the online databases; Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane, SID, Magiran, and Medlib from January 1995 to September 2020 using a combination of medical subject heading terms ('Nosocomial infection [Mesh] OR '' Hospital infection [Mesh] OR Hospital Acquired Infection[Mesh] OR Healthcare-associated infection ''AND ('Iran' [Mesh]) among observational and interventional studies. SPSS version 25 and STATA version 11 were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 66 (cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control) observational studies were identified. More of the studies had been done before 2014(43 papers or 65%). Based on the random-effects model, the overall prevalence of HAIs in Iran was 0.111 [95% CI: 0.105 - 0.116] with a high, statistically significant heterogeneity (I2= 99.9%). The infection rate was 0.157 and 0.089 before and after the Iranian Health Transformation Plan (HTP), respectively. HAIs rates reported more in the South and West of Iran rather than other regions (0.231 and 0.164) (p= 0.001). Escherichia coli and klebsiella infections were reported in 53 and 52 papers (0.239 and 0.180, respectively). In addition, respiratory and urinary infections were reported 0.296 and 0.286 in 51 and 38 papers, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of HAIs in Iran is relatively high. Preventing and decreasing hospital nosocomial infections can considerably affect reducing mortality and health-related costs. This should be taken into consideration by health policymakers for pathology and revision of some previous programs and standards as well as the development of appropriate and evidence-based control and education programs to reduce this health problem.
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