A systematic examination and comparison of confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) features of benign naevi showing different dermoscopic patterns has never been performed.Systematically to assess CSLM features of dermoscopically benign reticular, globular and homogeneous naevi and to correlate CSLM findings with dermoscopy and histopathology.CSLM was performed on 30 naevi in 29 patients including 10 reticular, 10 globular and 10 homogeneous naevi showing a uniform pigmentation pattern with dermoscopy. Cytomorphological and architectural features of each naevus were assessed and distinct characteristics for each group of naevi were defined. CSLM features were correlated with the histopathological findings and their applicability for the diagnosis of naevi with different dermoscopic patterns was assessed by two blinded observers.A correct diagnosis was made in 26 and 28 of 30 cases, respectively, by two blinded observers using previously defined CSLM features. Well-defined melanocytic caps, well-defined edged papillae and black papillae concurrently with the absence of white papillae were found in all reticular naevi (10 of 10). Numerous, large junctional/dermal melanocytic nests (10 of 10), ill-defined edged papillae (eight of 10) and white papillae (nine of 10) were found in globular naevi. Homogeneous naevi showed an intermediate pattern between reticular and globular naevi: ill-defined edged papillae (10 of 10), black and white papillae within the same naevus (eight of 10) and junctional/dermal melanocytic nests (three of 10) were seen.Different dermoscopic patterns of benign naevi are reflected in different architectural features in CSLM. As benign naevi show a regular architecture of monomorphous melanocytes in contrast to melanomas, similar dermoscopic features of naevi and early melanomas may be differentiated by CSLM.
Background: Teledermoscopy uses telecommunication technologies to transfer images of pigmented skin lesions, including clinical and anamnestic data, via email to specialized centers for teleconsultation.Design: Sixty-six pigmented skin lesions examined on a face-to-face basis in a skin lesion clinic in L'Aquila, Italy, were sent via e-mail on a standard-resolution color monitor for consultation at a university dermatology department in Graz, Austria.Intervention: Digital photographs of the clinical and dermoscopic images of all pigmented tumors were taken with a stereomicroscope connected to a high-resolution video camera in Truevision advanced graphic array (Targa) format file and converted successively into a Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG) format file.All lesions were excised surgically and diagnosed histopathologically.Main Outcome Measure: Diagnostic concordance between face-to-face diagnosis and telediagnosis.Results: The diagnostic concordance was 60 (91%) of 66 cases.The number of correct telediagnoses was lower, but the difference was not statistically significant (Wilcoxon test, P = .10).The accuracy of the telediagnoses was not related to the quality of the images, but highly depended on the level of diagnostic difficulty of a given pigmented skin tumor (Spearman correlation, P = .01). Conclusion:Teleconsultation of clinical and dermoscopic images of skin tumors via e-mail provides a similar degree of diagnostic accuracy as face-to-face diagnosis.
To create a dermoscopic classification of atypical melanocytic nevi (Clark nevi) and to investigate whether individuals bear a predominant type.
Design
Digital dermoscopic images of Clark nevi were classified according to structural features, ie, reticular, globular, or homogeneous patterns or combinations of these types. The nevi were also characterized as central hypopigmented or hyperpigmented, eccentric peripheral hypopigmented or hyperpigmented, or multifocal hypopigmented or hyperpigmented.
Setting
Two pigmented skin lesion clinics.
Patients
We examined 829 Clark nevi on 23 individuals.
Main Outcome Measure
A reliable dermoscopic classification of Clark nevi and frequency of different dermoscopic types.
Results
Using the dermoscopic classification, the 829 Clark nevi were classified as follows: 221 (26.7%) as reticular, 167 (20.1%) as reticular-homogeneous, 148 (17.9%) as globular-homogeneous, 112 (13.5%) as reticular-globular, 89 (10.7%) as homogeneous, 84 (10.1%) as globular, and 8 (1.0%) as unclassified. Most individuals were prone to a predominant type of Clark nevus. Seven individuals (30%) showed a single type of Clark nevus in more than 50% of their nevi and 5 (22%) in more than 40% of their nevi.
Conclusions
The proposed dermoscopic classification of Clark nevi is easily applicable and allows a detailed characterization of the different dermoscopic types of Clark nevi. Knowledge of these dermoscopic types should reduce unnecessary surgery for benign melanocytic lesions. Exact classification of the different types of Clark nevi is a necessary prerequisite for further clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathologic studies, which will give new insights in the biology of acquired melanocytic nevi.
The interactive Atlas of Dermoscopy is a multimedia project for medical education based on a CD-ROM with over 2,000 images of pigmented skin lesions. In addition, an internet connection for continuing medical education and up-to-date services is provided. The Interactive Atlas is composed of a course section including various self-assessment tests. Using a large database, users can evaluate their ability to recognise dermoscopic criteria, to diagnose pigmented lesions and to calculate diagnostic algorithms. This interactive course will guide you through a rapid, multi-step and easy learning phase covering basic and advanced aspects of dermoscopy.
We prospectively performed a longitudinal analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from 149 plasma samples and CT scans in Stage III and IV metastatic melanoma patients (n = 20) treated with targeted agents or immunotherapy using two custom next-generation sequencing (NGS) Ion AmpliSeq™ HD panels including 60 and 81 amplicons in 18 genes, respectively. Concordance of matching cancer-associated mutations in tissue and plasma was 73.3%. Mutant allele frequency (MAF) levels showed a range from 0.04% to 28.7%, well detectable with NGS technologies utilizing single molecule tagging like the AmpliSeq™ HD workflow. Median followup time of the tissue and/or plasma positive cohort (n = 15) was 24.6 months and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.8 months. Higher MAF ≥ 1% at baseline was not significantly associated with a risk of progression (Odds Ratio = 0.15; p = 0.155). Although a trend could be seen, MAF levels did not differ significantly over time between patients with and without a PFS event (p = 0.745). Depending on the cell-free DNA amount, NGS achieved a sensitivity down to 0.1% MAF and allowed for parallel analysis of multiple mutations and previously unknown mutations. Our study indicates that NGS gene panels could be useful for monitoring disease burden during therapy with ctDNA in melanoma patients.
Long-term proliferating, DH JH -rearranged mouse precursor B-cell lines have previously been established in serum- and IL-7-containing media from fetal liver, but not from bone marrow. Serum and stromal cells expose these pre-B cells to undefined factors, hampering accurate analyses of ligand-dependent signaling, which controls pre-B cell proliferation, survival, residence and migration. Here, we describe a novel serum-free, stromal cell-free culture system, which allows us to establish and maintain pre-B cells not only from fetal liver, but also from bone marrow with practically identical efficiencies in proliferation, cloning and differentiation. Surprisingly, recombinant kit-ligand, also called stem cell factor, produced as a kit-ligand-Fc fusion protein, suffices to replace stromal cells and serum, provided that it is presented to cultured pre-B cells in an optimal density in plate-bound, insolubilized, potentially crosslinking form. Additional recombinant CXCL12 and fibronectin have a minor influence on the establishment and maintenance of pre-B cell lines and clones from fetal liver, but are necessary to establish such cell lines from bone marrow.
Zusammenfassung Die Dermatoskopie stellt heute einen integrativen Teil jeder klinischen Hautkrebsuntersuchung dar, da sie die Früherkennung von melanozytären und nichtmelanozytären Hautkrebsformen im Vergleich zur Untersuchung mit dem bloßen Auge deutlich verbessert. Neben ihrem diagnostischen Einsatz nimmt diese nichtinvasive Methode auch eine zunehmende Rolle in der Wahl und Bewertung unterschiedlicher Therapien von nichtmelanozytären Hauttumoren wie Basalzellkarzinomen, aktinischen Keratosen, Plattenepithelkarzinomen, aber auch seltenen Tumoren wie dem Merkelzellkarzinom, Angiosarkom oder dem Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans ein. So ist die Dermatoskopie ein valides Werkzeug zur präoperativen Tumorrandbestimmung von Basalzellkarzinomen, kann aber auch zur Verlaufskontrolle nach erfolgter topischer Therapie von aktinischen Keratosen eingesetzt werden. In diesem Artikel soll ein Überblick über den Einsatz der Dermatoskopie in der Diagnose und Therapie unterschiedlicher Formen des nichtmelanozytären Hautkrebses gegeben werden.
Linked article: This article is commented on by M. Scalvenzi et al ., pp. e146–e147 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15469 .