M A Jay

United States Department of Veterans Affairs

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Marilyn S. Bartlett

University of Connecticut

Sherry F. Queener

Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis

M M Durkin

Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis

James W. Smith

McMaster University

Simeon E. Goldblum

University of Maryland, Baltimore

Craig J. McClain

University of Louisville

K Yoneda

Tottori University

J. D. Richardson

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Michelle Durkin

Mirada Medical (United Kingdom)

Bernhard Hennig

University of Kentucky

Cooperative Institutions

Indiana University School of Medicine

Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis

University of Kentucky

Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center

University Hospital and Clinics

Albert B. Chandler Hospital

United States Department of Veterans Affairs

Veterans Health Administration

Sidney & Lois Eskenazi Hospital

Albert Einstein College of Medicine

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Activity of lipid-soluble inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase against Pneumocystis carinii in culture and in a rat model of infection

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (1987)

Sherry F. Queener Marilyn S. Bartlett M A Jay M M Durkin James W. Smith

Trimetrexate and BW301U (piritrexim isethionate), lipid-soluble inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, are potent inhibitors of the growth of Pneumocystis carinii in culture with WI-38 cells. Inhibition was observed with 0.1 microgram of trimetrexate or BW301U per ml. Trimethoprim is ineffective at 100 micrograms/ml in this culture system. Both trimetrexate and BW301U were effective as prophylactic agents against P. carinii pneumonia in rats; trimetrexate at 7.5 mg/kg protected 9 of 10 rats, and BW301U at 5 mg/kg protected 4 of 10.

Dihydrofolate reductase

Antifolate

Trimethoprim

Microgram

10.1128/aac.31.9.1323

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Citations (71)

Lung myeloperoxidase as a measure of pulmonary leukostasis in rabbits

Journal of Applied Physiology (1985)

Simeon E. Goldblum K.M. Wu M A Jay

Pulmonary leukostasis can be associated with acute lung injury. We studied lung peroxidase activity using myeloperoxidase (MPO) as a granulocyte marker to quantitate pulmonary leukostasis in rabbits. Lungs were homogenized in detergent, freeze-thawed, sonified, and centrifuged, and supernatants were assayed for MPO. Seven extractions were performed, and greater than 80% of cumulative MPO was found in the first three extractions. By use of a three-extraction procedure, the mean lung MPO (delta A X min-1 X g tissue-1) was determined in normal [20.9 +/- 5.2 (SE)], granulocyte-depleted (6.5 +/- 2.0), saline-injected (22.2 +/- 5.6), and pneumococcus (PNC)-challenged (69.7 +/- 10.6) animals. Lung MPO was significantly decreased in granulocyte-depleted compared with normal animals (P less than 0.005) and significantly increased in PNC-challenged compared with saline-injected animals (P less than 0.001). MPO extracted from granulocytes and lungs from normal as well as PNC-challenged animals were all biochemically identical. Lung extract did not inhibit MPO, and no MPO was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from leukostatic lungs. Lung MPO significantly (P less than 0.01) correlated with intravascular intrapulmonary granulocytes. Determination of lung MPO is a relatively simple quantitative method that can be used to detect pulmonary leukostasis.

Leukostasis

10.1152/jappl.1985.59.6.1978

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Citations (368)

Sources of rats free of latent Pneumocystis carinii

Journal of Clinical Microbiology (1987)

Marilyn S. Bartlett M M Durkin M A Jay Sherry F. Queener James W. Smith

Two sources of rats free of latent Pneumocystis carinii are described. First, rats from a virus-free colony failed to develop infection after 8 weeks of immune suppression unless they were housed with previously infected rats. Second, pregnant rats (non-virus free) received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole from day 10 of gestation until the pups were weaned. Pups raised in filter-topped cages and immunosuppressed for 8 weeks were free of P. carinii infection.

Trimethoprim

Sulfamethoxazole

10.1128/jcm.25.9.1794-1795.1987

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Citations (23)

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia therapy with 9-deazainosine in rats

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease (1987)

James W. Smith Marilyn S. Bartlett Sherry F. Queener Michelle Durkin M A Jay

10.1016/0732-8893(87)90028-9

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Citations (28)

Applications of Virtual Reality Technology in Pathology

Studies in health technology and informatics (1997)

Grimes Gary J.M. A.Goldman Jay Vaughn Gregg L.Alberto Cabañero-Sánchez

TelePath(SM) a telerobotic system utilizing virtual microscope concepts based on high quality still digital imaging and aimed at real-time support for surgery by remote diagnosis of frozen sections. Many hospitals and clinics have an application for the remote practice of pathology, particularly in the area of reading frozen sections in support of surgery, commonly called anatomic pathology. The goal is to project the expertise of the pathologist into the remote setting by giving the pathologist access to the microscope slides with an image quality and human interface comparable to what the pathologist would experience at a real rather than a virtual microscope. A working prototype of a virtual microscope has been defined and constructed which has the needed performance in both the image quality and human interface areas for a pathologist to work remotely. This is accomplished through the use of telerobotics and an image quality which provides the virtual microscope the same diagnostic capabilities as a real microscope. The examination of frozen sections is performed a two-dimensional world. The remote pathologist is in a virtual world with the same capabilities as a “real” microscope, but response times may be slower depending on the specific computing and telecommunication environments. The TelePath system has capabilities far beyond a normal biological microscope, such as the ability to create a low power image of the entire sample using multiple images digitally matched together; the ability to digitally retrace a viewing trajectory; and the ability to archive images using CD ROM and other mass storage devices.

Virtual microscopy

10.3233/978-1-60750-883-0-319

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Improved rat model for studying Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Journal of Clinical Microbiology (1987)

Marilyn S. Bartlett Sherry F. Queener M A Jay M M Durkin James W. Smith

Sprague-Dawley rats treated for 8 weeks with cortisone acetate (25 mg per rat twice weekly) were immunosuppressed to variable degrees. A total of 55% lost over 12% of their initial body weight, had cortisol concentrations in serum more than five times greater than those of the controls, and had markedly depressed ratios of helper to non-helper T cells, in both the spleen and peripheral blood. Animals that gained weight during immunosuppression had cortisol concentrations in serum only three times higher than those of the controls, had normal ratios of helper to non-helper T cells in the spleen, and had only modestly reduced T-cell ratios in peripheral blood. The degree of Pneumocystis pneumonia was evaluated in impression smears and sections of lungs taken from immunosuppressed rats. Pneumocystis infections were more severe in the rats that showed the greatest weight loss. Weight change during immunosuppression may therefore be used as a reliable means for predicting the degree of Pneumocystis infection in living rats. This protocol allows the selection of uniformly infected rats for studies assessing drug therapy of Pneumocystis pneumonia.

Immunosuppression

Pneumocystis pneumonia

10.1128/jcm.25.3.480-484.1987

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Citations (29)

Bereavement support: evaluation of a palliative care memorial service

Palliative Medicine (1993)

Sarah Foulstone Brian Harvey Judy Wright M A Jay Fran Owen

A memorial service providing bereavement support in a palliative care unit is evaluated. Results indicate that respondents found it to be a positive experience, particularly in relation to its formality and content. One-fifth of respondents experi enced distress during the service, but this was evaluated as appropriate, being related to personal thoughts, feelings of loss and sadness, and remembrance.

Sadness

Formality

10.1177/026921639300700408

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Citations (19)

Monokine-induced acute lung injury in rabbits

Journal of Applied Physiology (1987)

Simeon E. Goldblum M A Jay K Yoneda Donald A. Cohen Craig J. McClain

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediates components of the acute phase response, stimulates granulocyte metabolism, and induces endothelial cell surface changes. We studied in unanesthetized rabbits the effects of intravenous divided dose infusions of a murine monokine preparation containing IL-1 activity, on circulating granulocytes, their sequestration within the pulmonary microvasculature, pulmonary edema formation, and changes in pulmonary vascular permeability. Monokine administration induced significant (P less than 0.01) granulocytopenia as well as a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in mean alveolar septal wall granulocytes per high power field (HPF) compared with saline-injected controls. Infusions of the monokine preparation significantly (P less than 0.005) increased lung wet-to-dry weight ratios as well as significantly (P less than 0.025) increased pulmonary extravasation of radiolabeled albumin. Electron microscopic analysis of lung sections obtained from monokine-infused animals demonstrated endothelial injury, perivascular edema, and extravasation of an ultrastructural tracer. We conclude that a monokine preparation containing IL-1 activity can induce profound granulocytopenia, pulmonary leukostasis, and acute pulmonary vascular endothelial injury.

Monokine

Extravasation

Vascular permeability

10.1152/jappl.1987.63.5.2093

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Citations (41)

Activity of clindamycin with primaquine against Pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in vivo

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (1988)

Sherry F. Queener Marilyn S. Bartlett J. D. Richardson M M Durkin M A Jay

The combination of primaquine with clindamycin is effective in both in vitro and in vivo models of Pneumocystis infection. Primaquine alone at concentrations from 10 to 300 micrograms/ml reduced the numbers of organisms in cultures to less than 7% of control. Significant inhibition was observed down to 0.1 microgram/ml. Clindamycin at 5 micrograms/ml was ineffective alone. Combinations of clindamycin and primaquine in culture at various concentrations were effective, but there was no evidence of true synergy. In rats with established Pneumocystis pneumonia, clindamycin alone at 5 or 225 mg/kg was ineffective. Primaquine alone at 0.5 or 2 mg/kg did not significantly affect the numbers of organisms remaining. The combination of 0.5 mg of primaquine per kg and 225 mg of clindamycin per kg was effective for therapy, lowering the numbers of organisms in the lungs by about 90%. The combination of 2 mg of primaquine per kg and 225 mg of clindamycin per kg was more effective, lowering the numbers of organisms by almost 98%. In the in vivo prophylaxis model, primaquine at 0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg did not prevent the development of Pneumocystis pneumonia in immune-suppressed rats. Clindamycin at 50 mg/kg had a modest effect alone, but at 5 mg/kg all animals became heavily infected. At 0.5 mg/kg, primaquine alone reduced the severity of infection, but seven of eight rats were still infected. In contrast, the combination of 5 mg of clindamycin per kg and 0.5 mg of primaquine per kg prevented infection in 8 of 10 rats; 2 rats had minimal infection. These studies suggest that the combination of clindamycin and primaquine should be tested in therapy or prophylaxis of Pneumocystis infections in humans.

Primaquine

Pneumocystis pneumonia

10.1128/aac.32.6.807

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Citations (84)

Battered: The Abuse of Children

M A Jay Sally Doganis

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Citations (4)