The immunohistochemically detected expression of p53, BCL-2, MDM-2 and PCNA proteins in samples of tumor tissues of 42 patients with astrocytomas or glioblastoma multiforme was statistically compared to degree of malignancy and overall survival. We found relation between p53 protein expression and survival in the high grade astrocytomas group (more cases of p53 immunonegative tumors with longer survival), and significantly higher BCL-2 protein expression as well as significantly higher MDM-2 protein expression in the group of low grade astrocytomas. PCNA protein expression showed any relation to tumor grade or survival. Despite the rather small number of samples these results support the hypothesis that MDM-2 protein may be a potent regulator of functional p53, expressed in low grade astrocytoma only.
P values obtained for changes in expression of Ki-67, cyclin E, cyclin A, Cdc25A and subcellular localization of PPARα receptor. Statistically different from control value are red (t-test, p
Hormone receptor expression in human breast cancer cells does not always reflect tumor response to therapy. Thus, relations between hormone receptor status and other parameters need further examination. The aim of this study was to test the ability of estrogen receptors (ER) to induce progesterone receptor (PR) synthesis as well as to test their role in the regulation of cell proliferation. Measurement of the relation between expressions of ER and the estrogen receptor related protein p29 (ERRP) was a further goal. The results show that some hormone receptor phenotypes are closely related to tumor proliferative activity: in the ER-group, especially ER-PR-phenotype, proliferative activity shows no obvious relationship to phenotype status, suggesting that proliferation in this group probably is not under estrogen control, while in the ER+ group, PR expression was related to reduced proliferation. There was no clear association between ERRP and nuclear ER but the highest ERRP expression was most closely related to ER negative (ER-) or slightly positive (ER +/-) hormone receptor statuses. Tumors with these phenotypes are known to have a poorer prognosis. The conclusion drawn is that simultaneous estimation of proliferative activity, ERRP p29 expression and a comparison with ER/PR hormone receptor phenotype, could provide pathologist with a valuable tool for predicting hormone response and prognosis in breast cancer patients.
Monoostoticka fibrozni dysplazie je relativně vzacne onemocněni děti a adolescentů. Popisujeme klinicke a radiologicke nalezy u ctrnactileteho
chlapce s fibrozni dysplazii, ktera postihovala levou temenni kost a byla lecena kompletni neurochirurgickou resekci.
Jde o edukativni clanek týkajici se lecby střevnich zanětů. Je urcen zejmena pro lekarniky, ale i prakticke lekaře. V uvodu je patofyziologie
průjmů, nejcastějsiho přiznaku střevnich zanětů. V dalsi casti je rozvedena symptomatologie a lecba střevnich zanětů zname nebo jiste
přiciny, v prvni řadě střevnich zanětů infekcnich. Posledni cast je věnovana lecbě nespecifických střevnich zanětů, tj. ulcerozni kolitidě
a Crohnově chorobě.
The literature shows, that the prevalence of functional dyspepsia is between 11 and 29.2 % in general population. The first goal of this study was to present a narrative review of the current findings of functional dyspepsia. The second goal was to find out the prevalence of functional dyspepsia in the II. Internal Clinic of Gastroenterology and Geriatry in Teaching Hospital of Olomouc (Czech Republic). According to the clinical experience, the prevalence of patients with functional dyspepsia seems to be not as high as literature shows. Normal gastroscopy findings are mandatory for the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia. That is why we examined 302 patients with indications for gastroscopy. According to the Rome IV criteria and normal gastroscopy findings, the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia was made only in 10 (3.31 %) patients. 108 patients have received repeated gastroscopy after 4 to 6 months period. But, none of them came with the diagnosis functional dyspepsia. Our results suggest, that the prevalence of functional dyspepsia after careful gastroscopic examination is lower than in the previous literature. This observation could change our view of functional dyspepsia and its diagnostics. Keywords: functional dyspepsia - gastroscopy - prevalence - Rome IV criteria.
MikroRNA představuji extremně rychle rostouci oblast
molekularni biologie a poznatky o nich se již staly jednim ze
zakladnich stavebnich kamenů nadorove biologie. Z tohoto
postaveni vyplýva i potencialni využiti mikroRNA v klinicke
praxi, a to jak v diagnostice, tak v terapii nadorových
onemocněni. To, že se jedna o realne předpoklady, dokazuje i
vstup prvnich leciv na bazi mikroRNA do klinických hodnoceni.
Prvni monografie na toto tema v nasi literatuře přinasi
informace o zakladnich principech biologie mikroRNA a metodach
jejich studia, ale předevsim systematicky zpracovava zapojeni
mikroRNA do patogeneze hlavnich skupin solidnich a
hematologických malignit, s užsim zaměřenim na využiti mikroRNA
jako biomarkerů v diagnosticke a prediktivni onkologii a pro
terapeuticke ucely. Monografii připravil kolektiv autorů, kteři
maji s výzkumem mikroRNA prakticke zkusenosti a sve poznatky
publikuji v mezinarodnich odborných casopisech.
Sensors able to record large bowel physiology and biochemistry in situ in awake rodents are lacking. Microdialysis is a mini-invasive technique that may be utilized to continuously deliver or recover low-molecular substances from various tissues. In this experiment we evaluated the feasibility of in vivo microdialysis to monitor extracellular fluid chemistry in the descending colon submucosa of conscious, freely moving rodents. Following surgical implantation of a microdialysis probe, male Wistar rats were housed in metabolic cages where they were analgized and clinically followed for four days with free access to standard diet and water. To assess local microcirculation and probe function, glucose, lactate, glucose-to-lactate ratio and urea clearance were determined in the dialysates from the three postoperative days with focus on the final 24-h period. In an attempt to mitigate the expected tissue inflammatory response, one group of animals had the catheters perfused with 5-aminosalicylic acid-enriched medium with final concentration 1 μmol/L. For verification of probe position and the assessment of the surrounding foreign body reaction, standard histological and immunohistochemical methods were employed. Microdialysis of rat gut is associated with considerable technical challenges that may lead to the loss of probe function and high drop-out rate. In this setting, limited data did not allow to draw any firm conclusion regarding local anti-inflammatory effectiveness of 5-aminosalicylic acid perfusion. Although intestinal microdialysis may be suitable for larger anesthetized animals, low reproducibility of the presented method compromises its routine experimental use in awake and freely moving small-sized rodents.
Abstract Background: Meningiomas represent one of the most common intracranial tumors. They are generally thought to progress from low to high-grade lesions. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis remain still uncertain. We suppose the existence of a correlation between the parameters that will help to predict more precisely their biological behavior and response to therapy. Identification of meningioma molecular subgroups may have significant potential to improve clinical management, through molecular disease risk stratification strategies and the identification of patients who could benefit from targeted molecular therapeutics. Methods and patients: Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumor samples were obtained from 30 patients (10 patients in each meningioma grade) and 5 healthy controls (dura mater). Comprehensive clinical-pathological data were mined. There were 7 males and 23 females; mean age was 56.7 years, range 33 - 100 years. Total DNA was purified from FFPE samples after pathological verification using proteinase K treatment followed by QIAmp DNA FFPE Tissue Kit (Qiagen). Microarray analysis was performed using the OncoScan FFPE Assay Kit (Affymetrix), raw data were obtained using Chromosome Analysis Suite (Affymetrix) in default manner. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using Nexus Express software (Biodiscovery). 10 samples were excluded from analyses because of poor quality of results. Results: In total, 35 OncoScan arrays were performed for copy number variants (CNV) analyses in meningioma and control samples. Our results confirm that del(22q) and del(1p) are the most common (44%, resp. 24% of cases) deletions in meningiomas. Del(22q) was present in 75% grade 2 menigiomas cases in contrast to 25% in grade 1 patients. Additionally, monosomy of chromosome 6 (12%), 8 (8%), 14 (20%) and 18 (12%) were observed. Surprisingly, chromosomal gains and LOH were found only in small portion of cases (8%). Finally, mutation in TP53 (c.817C>T/A, c.637C>T) and PIK3CA (c.3140A>G) genes were found in 12% of cases. Only common CNV variants were found in healthy control samples. Conclusion: We have identified the CNV profiles in meningioma patients allowing for better knowledge of pathological pathways and tumor progression. Del(22q) is frequently present in higher grade tumors probably altering NF2 a TP53 pathways. However, it will require further validation. Acknowledgment: This work was financially supported by Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, grant nr. 15-29021A, IGA UP LF 2015_010 and NPU LO1304. Citation Format: Josef Srovnal, Vladimir Balik, Jiri Ehrmann, Miroslav Vaverka, Lumir Hrabalek, Katerina Staffova, Marian Hajduch. Analysis of copy number variations in meningioma samples using microarrays revealed 22q deletions more frequent in higher grade tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3170.
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