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Biohydrogen is a renewable and clean energy source that can be produced from cheap and abundantly available lignocellulose biomass. However, the complex structure of lignocellulose requires various physicochemical and biological pretreatments, as it exhibits significant resistance to microbial degradation. Biosurfactants can play a vital role in facilitating the microbial degradation of lignocellulose and inducing enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, they can lower the surface tension to impede lignin-cellulase interactions and alter the lignin characteristics. Indeed, the application of lipopeptide biosurfactants to enhance hydrogen production from lignocellulose biomass is poorly studied. Thus, this study investigates the influence of lipopeptide biosurfactants on biohydrogen enhancement from lignocellulose biomass and their impact on short-chain fatty acid generation during anaerobic dark fermentation. Subsequently, Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing was employed to analyze the structure of microbial community and diversity significantly affected by the presence or absence of aided biosurfactants. Results revealed that the lipopeptide biosurfactant significantly improved the cumulative biogas and hydrogen production. The maximum cumulative hydrogen yield was achieved in lipopeptide-assisted bioreactors including BioR_3, BioR_2, and BioR_4 (i.e., 4.68, 4.56, and 4.50 mmol/2 g of substrate, respectively), showing an increase of 30.79% to 36.03% higher than BioR_1 (3.44 mmol). In addition, lipopeptide biosurfactants also impacted the short-chain fatty acid generation, where acetic acid, propionic acid, and isobutyric acid were found as major acids. On the other hand, various bacterial phyla, including Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetota, and Acidobacteriota, were detected in all bioreactors. Among the phyla, Firmicutes were predominated (54.74% to 86.38%) in lipopeptide-assisted bioreactors, indicating that biosurfactants substantially influenced the microbial community structure during hydrogen production. Besides, Ruminiclostridium and Bacillus were significantly promoted in lipopeptide-assisted bioreactors, representing efficient lignocellulose-degrading and hydrogen-producing genera. Conclusively, this study offers valuable insights into the underlying mechanism through which lipopeptide biosurfactants actively participate in biohydrogen production and illuminates the variations occurring within microbial communities.
At present time, every nation is absolutely concern about increasing agricultural production and bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. Hence, with this intention in the current study potent natural surfactants characterized as lipopeptides were evaluated for low-cost production by Bacillus subtilis SNW3, previously isolated from the Fimkessar oil field, Chakwal Pakistan. The significant results were obtained by using substrates in combination (white beans powder (6% w/v) + waste frying oil (1.5% w/v) and (0.1% w/v) urea) with lipopeptides yield of about 1.17 g/L contributing 99% reduction in cost required for medium preparation. To the best of our knowledge, no single report is presently describing lipopeptide production by Bacillus subtilis using white beans powder as a culture medium. Additionally, produced lipopeptides display great physicochemical properties of surface tension reduction value (SFT = 28.8 mN/m), significant oil displacement activity (ODA = 4.9 cm), excessive emulsification ability (E24 = 69.8%), and attains critical micelle concentration (CMC) value at 0.58 mg/mL. Furthermore, biosurfactants produced exhibit excellent stability over an extensive range of pH (1-11), salinity (1-8%), temperature (20-121°C), and even after autoclaving. Subsequently, produced lipopeptides are proved suitable for bioremediation of crude oil (86%) and as potent plant growth-promoting agent that significantly (P < 0.05) increase seed germination and plant growth promotion of chili pepper, lettuce, tomato, and pea maximum at a concentration of (0.7 g/100 mL), showed as a potential agent for agriculture and bioremediation processes by lowering economic and environmental stress.
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