Background: Apoptosis is suppressed in cancer tissues and tumor cell lines because anti-apoptosis genes are overexpressed. The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) gene family contributes to control of apoptosis. The expression profile of eight genes of the IAP family in biopsies from patients with a history of bladder cancer and normal bladder tissues, as well as a bladder tumor cell line (5637), was assessed in the present study. Methods: Cancer tissue samples were obtained at surgery and the 5637 tumor cell line was cultured in RPMI1640 medium. Beyond tumor margins were selected as normal tissue. Expressional profile of interested genes was obtained by using specific primers and the real-time PCR method. Results: The results showed that expression of seven of the studied genes was up-regulated in cancer tissues and the cell line whereas BIRC4 (XIAP) was down-regulated in both. Conclusions: The results showed that these genes were expressed to a greater extent in cancer tissue and cancer cells than in normal tissues. The data suggested that over-expression of anti-apoptotic genes such as IAP family members, can trigger cells to escape from apoptosis.
Background: Several drugs have been proposed for the treatment of breast cancer, but none has fully treated the disease so far. Methods: MCF7 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium, consisting of different concentrations of aqueous-alcoholic extract of the fruit of Capparis spinosa (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL) for 48 and 72 hours. MTT assay was used to determine the cell proliferation inhibition (IC50). The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by flow cytometry analysis using Annexin V/PI apoptosis detection kit. RT-PCR method was carried out to assess the fold changes of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 genes. Two-way ANOVA (tukeys) and t-test (repeated measure) were used for the statistical analysis of obtained data MTT assay and RT-PCR method, respectively. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Our results have shown that cell death was induced by increasing fruit of Capparis spinosa extract concentration. IC50 was observed at 48 h culture period with 4.81 mg/mL, and 72 h with 2.72 mg/mL fruit extract, respectively. Flow cytometry results exhibited an obviously significant augmentation in apoptotic MF7 cells. According to RT-PCR findings on the fruit of Capparis spinosa extract-treated cells, the mean expression of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 genes decreased after 48 and 72 h of incubation with IC50 concentration compared to controls. Conclusion: The fruit of the Capparis spinosa species was able to decrease the expression of self-renewal genes in the MCF7 cell line. Therefore, the fruit of Capparis spinosa extract can be considered a promising candidate for the management of human breast cancer after clinical trials.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
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We aimed to assess the relationship between major dietary patterns and risk of diabetes type 2 among Iranian adults.In this population-based case-control study in Mazandaran province, we enrolled 332 subjects (110 newly diagnosed cases and 222 controls) aged 43 - 77 years. Dietary intakes were collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data on demographic, anthropometric, socioeconomic characteristics and other covariates were collected using structured lifestyle questionnaires. Factor analysis was used to identify major dietary patterns. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for risk of type 2 diabetes across quartiles of dietary pattern scores.Three major dietary patterns were identified, including: "healthy", "transitional" and "traditional". A significant direct association was found between the transitional dietary pattern and risk of diabetes type 2 after adjustment of potential confounders (OR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.0, 4.50; Ptrend = 0.02). The traditional dietary pattern was significantly associated with the increased risk of diabetes type 2 after controlling for confounders (OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.03, 4.41; Ptrend = 0.01). There was no significant relationship between healthy dietary pattern and risk of diabetes type 2.In conclusion, transitional dietary pattern characterized by high consumption of salt, organ meats, dried fruits, poultry, tea, low- fat dairy and other vegetables. Traditional dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of garlic, dough, high- fat dairy, dried fruits, red meats, grains, as well as animal and hydrogenated fats were associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. No significant associations were found between the healthy dietary pattern and risk of diabetes type 2.
In this work, a series of novel 3-amino-4H-thieno[3,2-c]coumarins were designed and synthesized by a one-pot, catalyst-free, and three-component reaction of 3-acetylcoumarins with amines and elemental sulfur. Readily available starting materials, simple heating conditions, facile installation of a sulfur atom into the molecule using S8 as a sulfur source, acceptable functional group tolerance, and synthetically useful yields are some highlighted benefits of this process.
A clean and efficient method has been reported for the condensation of 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine with isatines in aqueous media to afford the corresponding 3,3-bis(5-amino-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)indolin-2-one derivatives in good yields.Polyfunctionalized heterocyclic compounds play important roles in the drug discovery process, and analysis of drugs in late development or on the market shows that 68% of them are heterocycles. 1Therefore, it is not surprising that research in the field of synthesis of heterocyclic compounds has received special attention.Isatine and derivatives have proved to be versatile starting materials for the synthesis of heterocyclic, and non-cyclic, natural products, and analogues, as well as for the synthesis of potentially important compounds with biological activities. 2 Oxindoles are well known amongst these compounds.Oxindoles are useful as antibacterial, antiflammatory, and laxatives. 3Furthermore, this heterocycle compounds were recently isolated from plant.For example, the marine alkaloid convolutamydine A, isolated from the marine bryozoan Amathia convolute was found to show potent activity in the differentiation of HL-60 human promyelocytic leukenie cell. 4Therefore, a number of methods have been reported for the synthesis of oxindole derivatives. 5 Heterocycles containing the pyrazole ring are important targets in synthetic and medicinal chemistry because this fragment is a key moiety in numerous biologically active compounds, 6 among them such prominent drug molecules as Celecoxib, Pyrazofurine, and many others.Recently, they have also emerged as potential atypical antipsychotics. 7 Considering the above reports and in continuation of our previous works on synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, 8 we wish to report an efficient, and clean method for the preparation of 3,3-bis(5-amino-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)indolin-2-one derivatives (3) in aqueous media (Scheme 1).
Knoevenagel condensation reaction of an aldehyde and Meldrum’s acid produces a 5-arylmethylidene Meldrum’s acid, which undergoes Michael addition of a trialkyl phosphite under solvent-free conditions to afford the title compounds in good yields.
Backgroud: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the main causes of liver related morbidity and mortality. Objective: To assess the epidemiologic features of HBV and HCV infections between 2004 and 2007 in the Hamadan province, Iran. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, epidemiologic and demographic characteristics of patients infected with HBV or HCV, or both, during about four years were collected from health centers in the Hamadan province. Results: Overall, there were 1533 infected patients (66.2% with HBV, 32.5% with HCV, and 1.3% with both). Male patients comprised 74.4% of patients. In view of marital status, 71.3% were married, 27% single, and 1.7% were widowed or divorced. The majority of patients (78.4%) inhabited urban areas while 21.6% inhabited rural areas. Patients Conclusion: The prevalence of HBV infection decreased during the period of study. This could be attributed to the increasing public vaccination of neonates and people at high-risk, which began about 15 years ago. However, it seems that an increasing incidence of high-risk behaviors including intravenous drug abuse with shared syringes has led to an increased incidence of HCV infection. Keywords: Epidemiology, health center, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, prevalence
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