Newly generated plasma cells in secondary lymphoid organs migrate to niches in the bone marrow, wherein they survive as long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). Although LLPCs have been extensively characterized, it is still unclear what the key determinant(s) are for plasma cell longevity. One model postulates that plasma cell heterogeneity is established at the induction site, thereby instructing their longevity. Here, we found that, among newly generated IgG plasma cells, integrin β7hi marks plasma cells predisposed to home to the bone marrow, whereas integrin β7lo cells remain in secondary lymphoid organs. Mechanistically, this egress-prone fraction had a higher expression of the KLF2 transcription factor, the loss of which resulted in defective egress by downregulating S1PR1 and CD11b. Disruption of plasma cell egress results in defective antibody durability, thereby making mice more susceptible to influenza reinfection. Thus, the migration program of plasma cells established at the induction site plays a critical role in determining antibody durability.
The purpose of this study was to understand the peculiarity of the development of Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) in a subtropical area of Japan. We analyzed the medical records of 21 subjects reported by the Okinawa Labor Bureau, and tried to determine whether the warm environment has any effect on the severity of HAVS. The mean operating time of vibration tools for all the subjects was over 10,000 hrs. Almost all the subjects from Okinawa had been working only in Okinawa. The presence of Vibration Induced White Fingers (VWF) was markedly smaller in the subjects from Okinawa as compared to those from other prefectures. The results of Cold Water Immersion Tests were similar for all subjects. Ten minutes after the Cold Water Immersion Test, the mean finger skin temperature was about 19 degrees C in all subjects. These findings suggest that not only the operating time of vibration tools but also the warm environment might have an effect on the severity of HAVS. However, the number of subjects in our study was very small. There is the need therefore for further investigations with a larger number of subjects.
Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) was employed on a‐Si:H films for the first time, and optical absorption spectra extending to α = 1 cm−1 were determined absolutely. Undoped a‐Si:H shows a long Urbach tail in its spectrum while P‐doped a‐Si:H has an additional absorption over a wide photon‐energy range below 1.7 eV. It is demonstrated through the comparsion between PAS and photoconductivity methods that the PAS is an extremely useful tool for determing α of a‐Si:H below the optical gap.
Abnormal metabolites isolated from nematode-infected pine, benzoic acid, catechol, 8-hydroxycarvotanacetone (8-HCA), and dihydroconiferyl alcohol (DCA) were tested for biological activity to 1-month-old pine seedlings and pine wood nematodes. Seedlings of Pinus thumbergii, suscepible to pine wilt disease were more sensitive to benzoic acid, catechol, and DCA than the other species tested. D-Isomer of 8-HCA was more toxic than L-isomer. Weak synergistic effects were observed on the toxicity to pine seedlings between DCA and benzoic acid, and between D-8-HCA and benzoic acid. The synergistic effect seemed to appear more prominent against 3-year-old seedlings. L-Isomer of 8-HCA and DCA inhibited the multiplication of pine wood nematodes at 30 and 10ppm, respectively, whereas D-isomer of 8-HCA, benzoic acid, and catechol did not even at 100ppm. All 4 compounds stimulated the multiplication at lower concentrations. The biologically active concentrations of some of these compounds accumulated in the trunks of 15- to 25-year-old pine trees after inoculation with pathogenic nematodes, hence these abnormal metabolites seemed to be involved in the pathogenesis of pine wilt disease in complex manner.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTResidues of macrolide antibiotic sedecamycin and its major metabolites in swine blood and tissuesJunya Okada, Seiji Yamamoto, Hiromi Yamamoto, and Sadao KondoCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1988, 36, 1, 104–107Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00079a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00079a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coral larvae represent the ideal model with Which to test many aspects of the relationship between symbiotic zooxanthellae and the coral host because this is the only stage in the life history of the organism where it is easy to produce both symbiotic and nonsymbiotic individuals for comparison. We used this larval model to investigate the effect of the presence of the symbiont on the thermal tolerance of coral larvae. We exposed symbiotic and non-symbiotic larvae of Acropora muricata to 3 temperatures under a mildly stressful level of light (125-150 p.E m-l sol) fur a 7-day period_ Many larvae survived well at 2& and 32° C. In contrast, all larvae died within 40 h at 360 C. Interestingly, there was no major difference in
survivorship between symbiotic and non-symbiotic larvae at any temperature indicating that the symbionts had little influence on larval susceptibility to heat and light. However, the density of symbionts in the larvae when the experiments were initiated was low and therefore, unlikely to affect the physiology of the host.
p-type ZnSe with resistivity low enough for device application has been realized by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy. This method has enabled growth of p-type ZnSe doped with nitrogen at concentrations as high as 1019 cm−3 by using ammonia as a dopant source. The dependence of photoluminescence and electrical properties on substrate temperature has been investigated. Hall measurements show p-type conductivity with a resistivity of 0.57 Ω cm, a carrier concentration of 5.6×1017 cm−3, and a Hall mobility of 20 cm2/V s.
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