Objective To explore the mechanism of RNA interference-mediated leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 ( LRIG1 ) gene silencing promoting invasion of glioblastoma cell line U251.Methods The U6 promoter-driven plasmid pGenesil2-LRIGl-shRNA (siRNA) was transfected into U251 glioma cells by lipofectime 2000,and the cells (siRNA) that stably suppressed LRIG1 expression were selected by G418.The control cells were transfected with negative shRNA (neg).The changes of invasive ability in the U251 cells were measured by cell invasion assay.The activities of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2,and -9 were detected by gelatin zymography.LRIG1,epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phosphorylated EGFR proteins were examined by using Western blotting.Results As compared with the negative shRNA-transfected cells,LRIG1 mRNA expression in the U6 promoterdriven plasmid pGenesil2-LRIG1 -shRNA (siRNA) cells was silenced to 35.3％-39.2％ (P ＜0.05),and knocking-down LRIGI increased the mean invasion cell number of per field to ( 159 ± 15 )-( 188 ± 9 ),compared to control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Down-regulation of LRIG1 increased MMP-2 activity by ( 1.66 ±0.11)-(1.96 ±0.12) fold,and increased MMP9 activity by (4.82 ±0.27)-(4.47 ±0.29) fold,compared to control group ( P ＜0.01 ).EGFR signaling pathway was activated after knocking down the LRIG1 expression.Conclusion Silencing of LRIG1 promotes invasion of glioblastoma cell line U251 via up-regulating the MMP-2,and -9 (P ＜ 0.O1 ),which is possibly by enhancing activities of EGFR signaling pathway.
Key words:
Glioma; Matrix metalloproteinases; Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 ; Invasion
To analyze the prevalence of retrotransverse foramen (RTF) or retrotransverse groove (RTG) anatomic variations in Chinese atlas vertebra (C1).Three-dimensional volume-rendered computed tomography angiography images of 427 subjects (264 males, 163 females; 17-87 years old) were reviewed and evaluated using dedicated software. The prevalence of RTF and RTG anatomic variation of C1 was analyzed.RTF anatomic variants were present in 50 (11.7%) atlases. Bilateral RTF, unilateral left RTF, and unilateral right RTF were present in 16 (3.8%), 20 (4.9%), and 14 (3.3%) vertebrae. Comparison between males and females revealed differences in bilateral RTF (P = 0.010) and unilateral left RTF (P = 0.008). RTG anatomic variants were present in 113 (26.5%) atlases. Bilateral RTG, unilateral left RTG, and unilateral right RTG were present in 39 (9.1%), 30 (7.0%), and 44 (10.3%) vertebrae. Comparison between males and females revealed differences in RTG (P = 0.000), bilateral RTG (P = 0.006), and unilateral left RTG (P = 0.034). RTF was detected in 36 cases on the left and 30 cases on the right. RTG was detected in 69 cases on the left and 79 cases on the right. There were no side differences in the prevalence of RTF and RTG.The incidence of RTG is higher than the incidence of RTF. Incidence of bilateral RTF, bilateral RTG, unilateral left RTF, unilateral left RTG, and RTG differed between males and females. Preoperative understanding of these variations using three-dimensional computed tomography angiography is helpful for safe execution of upper cervical posterior approach surgery.
This article reviews the roles of the volume embolization ratio in the assessment of the efficacy of intracrainal aneurysm embolization, particularly the stability, complications, pathological healing after the embolization, as well as the volume embolization ratio and morphological characteristics of aneurysms, including the relationship between the size of aneurysm, the size of aneurysmal neck and the aneurysm rupture.
Key words:
Intracranial aneurysm; Embolization, therapeutic; Treatment outcome; Angiography, digital subtraction
LRIG family shares similar structures that include a signal peptide, an extracellular region consisting of a leucine-rich repeat domain and three immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. After activation of EGFR, the extracellular LRR domain and immunoglobulin-like domains of LRIG1 can bind to the extracellular parts of EGFR, resulting in recruitment of c-Cbl to the cytoplasmic domains, and induction of EGFR degradation. This study investigated the effects of overexpression of leucine-rich repeats and LRIG1 on cisplatin (CDDP) sensitivity in the glioma cell line U251 and explored the possible mechanisms mediating this effect. We found that CDDP could inhibit the growth of U251 cell line and induced activation of the EGFR. Overexpression of LRIG1 increased the inhibitory effect of CDDP on the U251 cell line via the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. The mechanisms underlying the effect of the combined treatment of LRIG1 and CDDP could be that LRIG1 blocked CDDP-induced EGFR activation and regulated the apoptosis proteins. These findings suggest that upregulation of LRIG1 expression enhances the CDDP sensitivity in the glioma cell line U251.
Objective To investigate the effects of Tyrphostin AG1478 on glioma U87 cells proliferation, cells cycle and apoptosis. Methods U87 cells were cultured for 24 h in the medium which contained AG1478 with different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 μmol/L). The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay was used to detect the survival rate, and the cells cycle and apoptosis of the cells were examined by using flow cytometry. Results The cells proliferation was obviously inhibited by AG1478 in a dose-dependent manner. The survival rate of the cells in 5, 10, 15, 20 μmol/L AG1478 groups was (78.93 ±11.95)%, (46.42 ±4. 12)%, (42. 13 ±7.54)% and (37.48 ±4.69)% respectively, which was all significantly higher than that in 0 μ mol/L AG1478 group (P ＜0. 05 ). The apoptotic rate in 10, 25μmol/L AG1478 groups was (32.02 ± 1.60)% and (54. 35 ± 2. 80)% respectively, significantly higher than that in 0 μmol/L AG1478 group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The cells cycle was obviously inhibited by AG1478 in a dose-dependent manner. The percentage of cells treated with 10 and 20 μmol/L AG1478 in Go-G1 phase was ( 78. 61 ± 1.57 ) % and ( 82. 73 ± 0. 77 ) % respectively, significantly higher than that in 0 μmol/L AG1478 group (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The growth inhibition of glioma U87 cells caused by AG1478 may be associated with apoptotsis induction and the G0-G1 arrest. AG1478 was expected to become a new anti-tumor drug in human glioma.
Key words:
Glioma; Epidermal growth factor receptor; Proliferation; Cell cycle; Apoptosis
Objective
To observe the curative effect of subdural effusion treated and prevented with bandage secondary to decompressive craniectomy performed in patients with traumatic brain injury.
Method
55 cases of traumatic brain injury were undergone decompressive craniectomy from September 2009 to April 2015 in department of neurosurgery of the second people’s hospital of Jingzhou, and those cases were randomly divided into bone window compression bandage group(n=26) and normal group (n=29). Analysis the difference of the incidence of subdural effusion, the occurrence time and postoperative GOS score between two groups. And observation the curative effective of subdural effusion treated with bone window compressive bandage.
Results
The incidence of subdural effusion post decompressive craniectomy is 7.7%(2/26) in bandage group, 27.6%(8/29) in normal group, the average appear time of subdural effusion post decompressive craniectomy in bandage group (38.5±3.7) d is longer than normal group(13±2.9) d, there are significant differences between two groups(P 3 was 18(69.2%) in bandage group, 21(73.2%) in normal group, there is no significant difference between two groups(P>0.05). After average 23.9 d bandage treatment, the subdural effusion of 10 cases were absorbed disappear, there was no case needed operation.
Conclusion
Bone window compression bandage after decompressive craniectomy performed in patients with traumatic brain injury can obviously reduce the incidence of subdural effusion, and it played an import role in preventing and treating the subdural effusion. This method is simple, safe, and effective, and it is worthy of clinical application.
Key words:
Traumatic brain injury; Decompressive craniectomy; Subdural effusion; Prevention; Treatment
Retrotransverse foramen (RTF) and retrotransverse groove (RTG) are anatomic variations of the atlas (C1) vertebrae. RTF contains an anastomotic vein connecting atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axodian venous sinuses. The purpose of this study was to analyze the arterial vascular structures running though the RTF and RTG.Three-dimensional volume rendered computed tomography angiography (3D VR CTA) images of 427 patients (264 men, 163 women; age 17-87 years) were reviewed and evaluated using the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer (version 5.0.2; Medixant, Poznan, Poland). The incidence of RTF or RTG, the incidence of the V3 segment of vertebral artery variants, and the artery vascular structures inside the RTF and RTG anatomic variation of C1 were analyzed.Fifty (11.7%) atlases presented RTF anatomical variant; 113 (26.5%) atlases presented RTG anatomical variants. The incidence of the V3 segment of vertebral artery variants was 0.94% (4 of 427). Three (0.7%) were persistent first intersegmental artery and 1 (0.2%) was the fenestration of the vertebral artery on left side. In 4 cases of C1 vertebral artery V3 segmental variants, there were no RTF and RTG. No artery vascular structure was found in RTF or RTG.The RTF or RTG of C1 was a common anatomical variant. No arterial vascular structure runs though the RTF or RTG. The presence of C1 RTF and RTG variants had no effect on the V3 segmental course of the vertebral artery. Preoperative understanding of these variations using 3D CTA are helpful for the safe execution of the upper cervical posterior approach surgeries.
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