Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

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Mandana Hasanzad

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Negar Sarhangi

Islamic Azad University Medical Branch of Tehran

Bagher Larijani

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Mahdi Afshari

Zabol University of Medical Sciences

Shekoufeh Nikfar

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Ramin Heshmat

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Patricia Khashayar

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Mahnaz Sanjari

Tehran University of Medical Sciences

George P. Patrinos

Erasmus MC

Mohsen Rezai Homami

Rasool Akram Hospital

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Tehran University of Medical Sciences

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University of Tehran

Shariati Hospital

Islamic Azad University Medical Branch of Tehran

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Iran University of Medical Sciences

Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences

Kerman University of Medical Sciences

Imam Khomeini Hospital

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

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Precision Medicine in Infectious Disease

Maria Josefina Ruiz Alvarez Mandana Hasanzad Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi Negar Sarhangi

The conception that several infectious diseases were linked to an inherited disorder has been discussed, and every day, substantial evidence now is supported by the human genetic contribution to susceptibility to infectious diseases. Despite being a forerunner, personalized medicine (PM) is not yet routinely applied in infectious patient care. For this scope, education is a crucial step for the successful implementation of PM in the clinic, and with this part, we would like to encourage learning about PM in the communicable disease field. The information in this section will drive you through the concept of personalized infectious diseases and a piece of basic knowledge about the possibility of identifying determinants of clinical outcomes, looking at the host face through selected infectious diseases which are considered a global health issue such as HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection and related AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, malaria, and COVID-19 infection. It is especially important, as it can enable the development of one's own thoughts and ideas to be able to understand and implement this rapidly developing field of science. A brief overview of the genetic identification of more vulnerable individuals is expected to inform personalized treatment and perhaps vaccination strategies. Additionally, new technologies are supporting the rapid identification of infective agents and targeted approaches based on the genetic resistance of pathogens to antibiotics. This information can lead to revising the data that can be used for personalized predicting diseases, improving personalized treatment, and also personalized prevention strategies specific to infectious pathogens. The last subchapter is dedicated to a deeper revision of the COVID-19 infection from a personalized medicine perspective.

Personalized Medicine

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10.1007/978-981-19-5082-7_13

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Citations (2)

Effects of the TCF7L2 and KCNQ1 common variant on sulfonylurea response in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a preliminary pharmacogenetic study

Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders (2022)

Diba Dianatshoar Tara Alidaee Negar Sarhangi Mahdi Afshari Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi

Sulfonylurea

TCF7L2

Pharmacogenomics

10.1007/s40200-021-00947-4

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Citations (1)

Low Bone Mineral Density and Associated Factors Among People Living With HIV in Kerman, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study in 2021–2022

Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care (2025)

Homeira Rashidi Soheil Mehmandoost Noushin Fahimfar Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi Sahar Hosseinian

Chronic diseases such as osteoporosis and low bone mineral density (BMD) are significant public health concerns for people living with HIV (PLWH), especially with the increased life expectancy because of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study evaluated the prevalence and associated factors of low BMD among 94 PLWH in Kerman, Iran, from September 2021 to February 2022. Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, BMD was measured, with low BMD defined by specific T-scores and Z-scores. Predictors were assessed through interviews, medical records, and blood tests. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models identified associations between low BMD and various factors. The study found a 51.1% prevalence of low BMD, with significant associations with hypogonadism (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.19), longer ART duration (aOR per month: 1.02), and lower body mass index (aOR per unit: 0.83). The findings highlight the need for regular screening and timely intervention for low BMD among PLWH, particularly with prolonged ART use.

Cross-sectional study

10.1097/jnc.0000000000000521

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Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Modern Medicine

Parham Rahmani Parham Mortazavi Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi George P. Patrinos Negar Sarhangi

10.1007/978-981-97-4974-4_4

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ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS BETWEEN RS10830962 VARIANT OF MTNR1B GENE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS RISK

Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism (2020)

Negin Bozorgnejad Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi Mahdi Afshari Negar Sarhangi Mandana Hasanzad

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Factors associated with TBS worse than BMD in non-osteoporotic elderly population: Bushehr elderly health program

BMC Geriatrics (2021)

Nekoo Panahi Afshin Ostovar Noushin Fahimfar Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi Safoora Gharibzadeh

Abstract Background Bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) are moderately correlated. TBS is sometimes used as an adjuvant to BMD in the fracture risk assessment. Some individuals with normal BMD or osteopenia, have more degraded TBS. We aimed to identify factors associated with TBS worse than BMD in the non-osteoporotic elderly population. Methods The study subjects were selected from 2384 women and men aged ≥60 years participating in the second stage of the Bushehr Elderly Health program, a population-based prospective cohort study in Iran. The BMDs of different sites and the lumbar spine texture were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the TBS algorithm, respectively. Subjects were categorized based on their BMD and TBS status. Logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with “TBS worse than BMD” in non-osteoporotic individuals. Results Of 1335 participants included in the study, 112 of 457 women, and 54 of 878 men had worse TBS than BMD. In multivariable analysis, TBS worse than BMD in women was statistically significantly associated with years since menopause (OR: 1.04 (1.00–1.07)) and waist circumference (OR: 1.09 (1.05–1.14)). However, in men, the condition was statistically significantly associated with waist circumference (OR: 1.10 (1.03–1.17)), current smoking (OR: 2.54 (1.10–5.84)), and HDL-C (OR: 1.03 (1.00–1.06)). Conclusion The results of the study show that higher waist circumference is associated with more degraded TBS than BMD in both men and women. Years passed since menopause and current smoking, respectively in women and men, were associated with more degraded TBS. Considering TBS values in older individuals with higher waist circumference, or a history of smoking despite normal BMDs might help more accurate assessment of bone health. However, further studies are required to confirm the benefit.

Trabecular bone score

Osteopenia

10.1186/s12877-021-02375-8

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Association between reproductive factors and postmenopausal osteoporosis

Osteologie/Osteology (2011)

Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi N. Khalili Patricia Khashayar Ramin Heshmat Arash Hossein‐Nezhad

Summary The present cross-sectional research was designed to study possible correlations between clinical reproductive factors and bone mineral density (BMD) values. Using the data gathered by the population-based Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS), we investigated the correlation found between reproductive factors and osteoporosis. Subjects were recruited from five major cities of Iran. Bone mineral density was measured using Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry and the results were analyzed against the age at menarche and at menopause, number of pregnancies, children and abortions, and the history (and duration) of breastfeeding. Data was available for 2528 women. Gravidity and number of children were reversely correlated with BMD. Younger age at menarche was associated with higher BMD values, whereas there was no significant correlation between age at menopause and menstrual history and BMD. Our study suggests that clinical reproductive factors, particularly number of children and breastfeeding, could be incorporated as predictors of BMD levels in women. Given the controversial results obtained in different studies, longitudinal studies should be carried out to enlighten the importance of these factors and the rationale of their use to predict BMD values in different settings.

Menarche

Cross-sectional study

Osteopenia

10.1055/s-0037-1620001

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Principles of Precision Medicine

Bagher Larijani Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi Negar Sarhangi Mandana Hasanzad

Precision medicine principles have long been a pillar of medical practice. Precision (personalized) medicine is a new medical approach that uses a patient's genetic profile to guide decisions about disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The goal of precision medicine is to combine current medicine with molecular breakthroughs to target patients individually and increase the efficacy and effectiveness of the therapeutic strategy. Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is one of the most important components of personalized medicine now used to describe how various genetic variants throughout the genome can affect drug response, whereas pharmacogenetics is the study of single DNA variation related to the drug response. The concept of precision medicine appears to hold promising results, and some of the potential benefits of precision medicine are increasing the effectiveness of care, preventive medicine, cost-effectiveness, new disease taxonomy, and population healthcare. In this chapter, we present a review of principles of precision medicine.

Pharmacogenomics

Personalized Medicine

Drug response

Conventional medicine

10.1007/978-981-19-5082-7_1

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Artificial intelligence perspective in the future of endocrine diseases

Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders (2022)

Mandana Hasanzad Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi Negar Sarhangi Bagher Larijani

10.1007/s40200-021-00949-2

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