본 연구에서는 캐나다 중등학교의 사회과 교과서 내 한국 관련 내용 분석을 통해 캐나다의 한국에 대한 인식을 고찰하였다. 캐나다 사회과 교육과정 및 교과서의 목차 구성을 살펴보고, 각 교과서 내 한국 관련 내용을 ① 타 국가와 비교한 서술 분량 ② 주제의 다양성 ③ 최신 정보의 반영 여부의 세 가지 기준에 따라 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 사회과 교육과정 구성 상 9학년~12학년 대상 ‘캐나다 및 세계연구(Canadian and World studies)’ 교과과정에서 캐나다 관련 내용을 다루거나, 세계적인 이슈와 상호작용을 다루는 맥락에서 한국이 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 구체적으로 세 가지 기준에 따른 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국 관련 서술 분량은 동아시아 국가들인 중국, 일본과 비교했을 때 비슷하거나 약간 적은 정도로 나타났으며, 둘째, 한국은 주로 역사, 경제 분야에서 다뤄지며, 주제는 ‘한국전쟁’과 ‘경제 선진국’으로 한정되어있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 셋째, 대부분의 교과서들은 교과서 출판년도 기준, 한국 관련 최신 자료와 정보들을 수록하고 있었다.The purpose of this study is to examine the perception on Korea presented in Canadian social studies textbooks for secondary school students. In order to analyze Korea-related contents in the Canadian textbooks, Canadian social studies curriculum and the textbooks’ table of the contents are reviewed and Korea-related contents are analyzed by three criteria, ① Quantity compared with other countries ② Diversity of the topics ③ The latest information. The results of this analysis are as follows: Korea is presented in the subject, ‘Canadian and World Studies’ in social studies curriculum for grades 9 - 12 and presented with the canadian-related issues and the global issues and interaction. As for the analysis by three criteria, first, the quantity of Korea-related contents is similar or slightly less that of China and Japan. Second, Korea is mainly presented in areas such as history and economics, and the topics are limited to Korean War and Economically Developed Country . Third, most textbooks include updated Korean materials and information based on the textbook publication year.
In this article, we assess the feasibility and acceptability and the effect of the Plan Ahead for community dwelling older adults. In addition, we investigated the effects of the program. In addition, we aimed to examine whether the completion of the specific Future Care Planning depended on the participants' competence level.In this single group feasibility study, trained facilitators delivered the program to a sample of 234 community-residing older adults. Participants completed both pre, post assessments about the acceptability of the program and their completion of the recommended future care planning activities.Based on participant's report on the usefulness and satisfaction of the program after the completion of the program, we found that participants reported high levels of acceptance of the program. Participation rates also confirmed the feasibility of the program. In terms of effects of program implementation, statistically significant changes were noted for several outcomes, such as resource building and FCP activities. In particular, we found that these gains were particularly robust for participants in the low competence group.Pilot program results suggest the feasibility of a short community program enhancing proactive planning for future care needs among older adults residing in their community.
Abstract Objectives To investigate whether polygenic risk score for coronary artery disease (CAD-PRS) can guide the initiation of lipid-lowering treatment as well as deferral beyond the statin eligibility criteria. Methods 311,799 individuals aged 40 to 73 years and free of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and lipid-lowering treatment at baseline were included from the UK Biobank. Participants were categorized by statin eligibility using the European and US guidelines on statin use. Results For a median (IQR) follow-up of 11.9 (11.2-12.6) years, 8,196 individuals experienced major coronary events. CAD-PRS added to European-SCORE2 and US-PCE models identified 18% and 12% of individuals with class II indication for statin use whose risk of major coronary events were same or higher than the average risk of those with class I indication and 16% and 12% of individuals with class I indication whose major coronary event risks were same or lower than the average risk of those with class II indication. For ASCVD events, CAD-PRS added to European-SCORE2 and US-PCE models resulted in a net reclassification improvement of 13.6% (95% CI 11.8 to 15.5) and 14.7% (95% CI 13.1 to 16.3) among class I indicated, 10.8% (95% CI 9.6 to 12.0) and 15.3% (95% CI 13.2 to 17.5) among class II indicated, and 0.9% (95% CI 0.6 to 1.3) and 3.6% (95% CI 3.0 to 4.2) among class III indicated individuals. Conclusions CAD-PRS may guide statin initiation as well as deferral among individuals with class I and class II indication for statin use as defined by the European and US guidelines. However, the CAD-PRS had little clinical utility among individuals who were not eligible for statins.
Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background and Aims Adverse outcomes associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) in Asians have not been fully elucidated. In a patient-level comparative analysis of UK Biobank and Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening data, we evaluated the race-specific associations of AF with stroke and mortality. Methods This study enrolled 425,805 Asians (mean [SD] age, 56.0 [9.3] years; 55.3% of men) and 372,851 Whites (mean [SD] age, 57.1 [8.0] years; 47.6% of men). The main outcomes were total, ischemic, and hemorrhagic strokes and all-cause death. Results During the follow-up period (mean [SD], 7.3 [1.4] years in Asians; 11.7 [1.5] years in Whites), the incident rates (IR) of AF per 1000 person-years were 2.6 (95% CI, 2.5–2.7) in Asians and 4.4 (95% CI, 4.3–4.5) in Whites. The IR of total, ischemic, and hemorrhagic strokes were greater in Asians with AF than in Whites with AF. The rate difference (IR of the outcome in those with AF minus IR of the outcome in those without AF) for total stroke was 15.2 (95% CI, 13.4–17.0) in Asians and 4.5 (95% CI, 4.0–5.0) in Whites. For ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, the rate differences were 2.5- to 3.5-fold higher in Asians than in Whites. Asians had a rate difference of 26.3 (95% CI, 24.2–28.4) for all-cause death, whereas Whites had a rate difference of 20.7 (95% CI, 19.7–21.7). Conclusion Despite the higher incidence of AF in Whites, the outcomes of AF-related rates of total, ischemic, and hemorrhagic strokes and all-cause death was greater in Asians than Whites.
Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Preventive therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF) is lacking, and association between hyperlipidemia and incident atrial fibrillation has been reported. We examined whether measured and genetically predicted low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) can detect incident atrial fibrillation (AF) independent of clinical risk for AF. Methods A total of 339,023 individuals aged 39 to 73 without pre-existing ASCVD (coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, peripheral artery occlusive disease) and AF were included from the UK biobank. Clinical risk for AF was based on tertiles of CHARGE-AF (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology- Atrial Fibrillation) score. We calculated the risk of incident AF per SD increase in measured and genetic LDL, and its association with CHARGE-AF. Results Over a median 11.9 (11.2-12.6) years, the primary outcome occurred in 17,504 patients. Among those with low, moderate, and high CHARGE-AF, each SD increase in measured LDL-C was associated with hazard ratio of 1.09 (95% CI 0.85-1.38, p=0.502), 1.32 (95% CI 1.13-1.54, p<0.001), and 1.23 (95% CI 1.12-1.37, p<0.001). Among these same categories, each SD increase in genetic LDL-C was associated with hazard ratios of 1.10 (95% CI 1.04-1.16, p<0.001), 1.07 (95% CI 1.03-1.11, p<0.001), and 1.05 (95% CI 1.03-1.07, p<0.001). Among those with normal LDL, untreated hyperlipidemia, and treated hyperlipidemia, each SD increase in genetic LDL-C was associated with hazard ratios of 1.11 (95% CI 1.04-1.18, p=0.001), 1.07 (95% CI 1.05-1.09, p<0.001), and 1.02 (0.99-1.05, p=0.25). Conclusion LDL cholesterol polygenic risk score may augment identification of individuals at heightened AF risk, including those with low CHARGE-AF or normal LDL-C. Whether it may also guide antilipidemic initiation or intensification requires further study.
The trend of the physical properties of core layer in the PWB (Printed wiring board) is the low CTE (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) and high modulus reducing the CTE mismatching between semiconductor chip and PWB to reduce the warpage of thin package. To jump up the physical property of the general organic material, thin glass less than 100 micron thickness is evaluated. In order to get the good physical properties, thin glass with the low CTE (3.2 ppm/°C) and high modulus (75GPa) is used for core material. And it is also advantageous in fine via pitch than with a high modulus metal core. But thin glass itself requires special handling to avoid cracks in the process. In order to handling without glass crack, the crack prevention structure was applied and the special insulation material was also laminated on the glass. The insulation layer having the glass fabric is laminated on the both side of thin glass to prevent crack propagation. And this material had no issue in the general PWB production line without any special treatment or Jig for the thin glass. Also the physical properties like CTE and modulus is outstanding. In the comparison of the low CTE organic core and glass core, physical properties of glass core was excellent than that of the organic core. In the final product, unit edge part exposing the thin glass is the weak point. Glass chipping or crack may occur during unit sawing process. But the crack on the sawing cut edge of glass can cause the horizontal crack issue of the glass. After reflow or thermal stress, the glass edge horizontal crack had propagated to the inside of the unit. So some special glass cutting line was added to block the crack propagation in the glass around the unit edge. The glass cutting line has been effective to block horizontal crack propagation into the inside of unit. With this structure and the insulation material, most of reliability test items that are applied in common circuit board were passed through.
'%3e%3ccircle r='20' fill='%23008'/%3e%3ccircle r='17.5' fill='%23fff'/%3e%3ccircle r='3.5' fill='%23008'/%3e%3cg id='d'%3e%3cg id='c'%3e%3cg id='b'%3e%3cg id='a' fill='%23008'%3e%3ccircle r='.875' transform='rotate(7.5 -8.75 133.5)'/%3e%3cpath d='M0 17.5.6 7 0 2l-.6 5L0 17.5z'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(15)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23b' transform='rotate(30)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23c' transform='rotate(60)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' transform='rotate(120)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' transform='rotate(-120)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
'%3e%3cpath fill='%23012169' d='M0 0v30h60V0z'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='6' d='m0 0 60 30m0-30L0 30'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23C8102E' stroke-width='4' d='m0 0 60 30m0-30L0 30' clip-path='url(%23b)'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='10' d='M30 0v30M0 15h60'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23C8102E' stroke-width='6' d='M30 0v30M0 15h60'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
'%3e%3cg id='b'%3e%3cpath id='a' stroke='%23000' stroke-width='2' d='M-6-25H6m-12 3H6m-12 3H6'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' y='44'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' d='M0 17v10'/%3e%3ccircle r='12' fill='%23cd2e3a'/%3e%3cpath fill='%230047a0' d='M0-12A6 6 0 0 0 0 0a6 6 0 0 1 0 12 12 12 0 0 1 0-24z'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='rotate(-123.69)'%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23b'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' d='M0-23.5v3M0 17v3.5m0 3v3'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
