We demonstrate 3-dB broadband directional couplers that use asymmetric-waveguide-based phase compensation. Average coupling ratios of 46.57% and 48.28% were obtained from 1500 nm to 1600 nm for transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes, respectively.
Abstract Background The purpose of this present research was to construct a nomograph model to predict prognosis in gallbladder cancer liver metastasis (GCLM) patients so as to provide a basis for clinical decision-making. Methods We surveyed patients diagnosed with gallbladder cancer liver metastasis (GCLM) in the Surveillance Epidemiology and the End Results database (SEER) between 2010 and 2019. They were randomized 6:4 into a training set and a validation set. In the training set, statistically meaningful prognostic factors were determined using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, and an individualized nomogram prediction model was generated. The prediction model was evaluated by C-index and calibration curves from the training set and the validation set. Results 727 confirmed cases were enrolled in the research, 426 in the training set and 301 in the validation set. Factors including bone-metastasis, surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were independent prognostic factors for cancer specific survival (CSS) rates and were employed in the construction of the nomogram prediction model. The C-index for the training set and validation set were 0.685 and 0.709, respectively. Calibration curves indicated that the cancer specific survival (CSS) rates of the nomograph prediction model were consistent with the actual prognosis at 6-months-CSS, 1-year-CSS and 2-years-CSS in both the training set and validation set. Conclusions We have successfully constructed a nomogram prediction model that can predict cancer specific survival (CSS) rates in patients with gallbladder cancer liver metastasis (GCLM). This prediction model can help patients in counseling and guide clinicians in treatment decisions.
A new method of Highly Accelerated Stress Screen/Life Testing (HASS/HALT) for computer keyboards is introduced and compared with User Information Investigation (UII) from manufacturer, Accelerated Life Testing (ALT), and Normal Stress Reliability Testing (NSRT). The results of the above three lab testing processes all showed good accordance trends with the data from the UII. The failure mechanism shows that a silicone cushion component acts as the spring and the shock absorber when keys are pressed, and acts as a key role to the key function, also decides the life of the key. When the dynamic load of "knocks" (mechanically simulated key presses) increases, the key life decreases, with degradation or failure especially apparent of the silicone cushion. Once a cushion fails, the dynamic shocking forces greatly increase, and the key cap soon breaks. The cushion failure was not a exclusive failure mode observed in the UII, NSRT, ALT and HALT tests, but a crucial one in the Complete Failure Mode Set. The HASS/HALT tests were able to show some quality control features of keyboards within a very short period. The trends corresponded well with real-world failure rate reported by users, ALT and NSRT. This study aids the design of rapid reliability/life testing which is important for product development and efficient quality control. With the help of this method, long-term reliability certification testing can be reduced from months to days.
Let $X$ be a space of homogeneous type. Assume that $L$ is an non-negative second-order self-adjoint operator on $L^2\left(X\right)$ with (heart) kernel associated to the semigroup $e^{ - tL}$ that satisfies the Gaussian upper bound. In this paper, the authors introduce a new characterization of the Musielak-Orlicz-Hardy Space $H_{φ, L}\left(X\right)$ associated with $L$ in terms of the Lusin area function where $φ$ is a growth function. Further, the authors prove that the Musielak-Orlicz-Hardy Space $H_{L,G,φ}\left(X\right)$ associated with $L$ in terms of the Littlewood-Paley function is coincide with $H_{φ, L}\left(X\right)$ and their norms are equivalent.
Objective. To elucidate the therapeutic efficacy of needle-warming moxibustion (NWM) combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the treatment of patients with ischemic stroke and its effect on neurological function. Methods. One hundred patients with ischemic stroke admitted to the Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang from January 2019 to July 2021 were enrolled. Among them, 45 patients treated with NWM were set as the control group, and the rest 55 patients treated by NWM combined with HBOT were included in the research group. The curative effect, neurological deficit score, activity of daily living (ADL), balance ability, and the levels of serum proinflammatory factors in both groups were observed and recorded. Of them, the neurological deficit of patients was evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NHISS), the ADL ability was determined by the Barthel index score, and the balance ability was assessed by the Berg balance scale. Results. The total effective rate of the research group was higher than that of the control group. Better ADL and balance ability and milder neurologic impairment were determined in the research group compared with the control group. After treatment, the secretion levels of proinflammatory factors such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the serum of patients in the research group were statistically lower than those before treatment and the control group. Conclusions. NWM combined with HBOT is effective in the treatment of patients with ischemic stroke, which can not only improve patients’ neurological function, ADL, and balance ability but also inhibit serum inflammatory reactions.
We experimentally demonstrate sinusoidal anti-coupling silicon-on-insulator strip waveguides, separated by 200 nm, that have a minimum inter-waveguide crosstalk suppression of 26.8 dB within the C-band for the fundamental transverse electric mode.
We demonstrate spiral Bragg grating waveguides (BGWs) on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform for the fundamental transverse magnetic (TM) mode. We also compare TM spiral waveguides to equivalent transverse electric (TE) spiral waveguides and show that the TM spiral waveguides have lower propagation losses. Our spiral waveguides are space-efficient, requiring only areas of 131×131 µm(2) to accommodate 4 mm long BGWs, and, thus, are less susceptible to fabrication non-uniformities. Due to the lengths and reduced susceptibility to fabrication non-uniformities, we were able to obtain narrow bandwidth, large extinction ratio (ER) devices, as narrow as 0.09 nm and as large as 52 dB, respectively. Finally, we demonstrate a 4 mm long TM chirped spiral Bragg grating waveguide with a negative, average, group delay slope of -11 ps/nm.
We demonstrate an apodization technique by tapering the corrugations of spiral Bragg grating waveguides on the silicon-on-insulator platform, for the fundamental transverse magnetic mode. The transmission and reflection responses of uniform and apodized spiral Bragg grating waveguides are experimentally compared to show higher sidelobe suppression ratios by the proposed apodization scheme. We also present an apodized, period-chirped spiral Bragg grating waveguide, and the group delay of the proposed device has been measured; the results show an efficient suppression in the ripples of the group delay response.
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