The study was carried out to find the effect of container size on the growth and quality of seedlings of Gmelina arborea. Observations were recorded at 60, 100 and 140 days on morphological, biomass and quality parameters after sowing. Among different container sizes, better plant height, collar diameter and tap root length at all intervals, maximum leaf number at 100 and 140 DAS resulted in seedlings raised in 17 × 13 cm poly bags, followed by 300 cc root trainers. Maximum numbers of lateral roots were recorded in 300 cc root trainers. Similarly, 17 cm × 13 cm poly bags were optimum for comparative biomass (fresh and dry) and seedling quality parameters, closely followed by 300 cc root trainers. The sturdiness and seedling quality have direct and positive relationship with container size and results revealed that container size had significant effect for most of the growth parameters.
A large number of underutilized fruit species have originated in Indian subcontinent. Many of these fruits or their plants parts have been used in folk, Ayurvedic and Unani medicines since time immemorial. Several fruits were introduced in India during colonial period. Most of them adapted to climatic conditions of India but remains underutilized crops. These fruits also have several medicinal properties and were used by the native people of their respective origin of centres. Some the fruits such as bael, aonla, jamun, tamarind, karonda, wood apple, kokum etc were known for their use in Indian pharmacopeia. The exotic fruits such as sour sop, rambutan, mangosteen, avocado, water apple, durian, passion fruit, carambola etc. have been reported for their different medicinal importance. Many underutilised fruit species originated in the Indian subcontinent. Many of these fruits or the parts of their plants have been used for a very long time in conventional, Ayurvedic, and Unani treatments. Several fruits were introduced to India during the colonial era. Despite being neglected crops, the bulk of them have adapted to the Indian climate. Since these fruits also have a lot of medical properties, the native people of their various origin regions used them. Indian pharmacopoeia was well renowned for using fruits like bael, aonla, jamun, tamarind, karonda, wood apple, and kokum, among others. Exotic fruits like sour sop, rambutan, mangosteen, avocado, water apple, durian, passion fruit, and carambola offer a number of recognised health advantages. Numerous chemical compounds, including flavonoids, quinolizidine, alkaloids, tritepenes, stilbenes, tannins, steroids, coumarin, saponins, triterpenoids, glycosides, taraxerone, cryptoxanthin, and taraxerol, among others, are present in these fruits. These displayed a range of biological actions, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, diabetic prevention, antipyretic, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, and anti-cancerous. There has been a lot of research done on these fruits as the focus on plant-based therapies has shifted in recent years. Thus, an effort has been made to consolidate the information about the underutilised fruits in this article.
Background: India has one of the highest Vitamin D deficiency rates in pregnancy in the world and yet we have limited research to study its various effects from our country. We aim to study the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and effect on neonatal outcome after supplementation.Methods: 200 pregnant women were recruited at 26 weeks and more. They were divided into sufficient group (normal levels of the vitamin), supplemented group (recruited at 26 weeks and supplemented for 8 weeks) and unsupplemented group (recruited after 34 weeks and so could not be supplemented) based on time of recruitment and levels of vitamin D. They were followed up till discharge of newborn from the hospital. Neonatal outcomes were noted.Results: The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy in present study was 94.5%. Vegetarians and urban residents were more likely to have this deficiency. Admissions to NICU were significantly less in neonates of vitamin D supplemented women.Conclusions: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is very high during pregnancy and further studies are needed to clearly define its role in neonatal outcome.
Abstract: An entirely animal-free diet that prioritizes natural plant-origin foods such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, pulses, and lentils is known as a vegan diet. Lowering persistent diseases like type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, cancer, and many others offers numerous positive health effects. Different aspects of how a vegan diet affects health are studied, and the dietary pattern is analyzed. Along with the trend of a vegan diet, many people have become aware of the importance of following a vegan diet, and many do this for health reasons or due to religious beliefs. A vegan diet has also been seen to positively affect aging. As vegan diet choices are growing, there are now more options for meat and non-dairy alternatives. Optimization for developing an alternative vegan food product is necessary to produce the most favorable product quality and achieve the best. This paper indicates the vegan diet as a whole and how the vegan diet can help treat chronic diseases. It also reviews vegan products for alternative use and their stance in the food industry.
Underutilized legume comprises vital nutrients with a higher proportion of protein (23-43 %) equal to soybean, and lima bean and greater than chickpea and green pea. In addition, it has a good calorific value, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. The presence of bioactive components such as polyphenols and flavonoids increases the market demand in pharmacological industries at the global level. It exhibits several pharmacological properties like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, and antihypertensive. It has a higher concentration of antinutritional compounds like l-DOPA, phytates, tannin, oxalate, hydrogen cyanide, and trypsin inhibitors. These barriers prevent the consumption of velvet beans, and they can be reduced by both conventional and modern methods. The methods include dehulling, boiling, soaking, cooking, roasting, toasting, fermentation, sonication, and acid and alkali treatment. Each method has a distinct effect on the method of removal of antinutrients and it has an impact on its reduction percentage. The degree of modification in the physicochemical composition does fall under a considerable limit and doesn't affect the actual nutritional composition of the mucuna seeds. It is considered an alternative protein source to animal protein, hence extraction of protein from velvet beans has a better scope to isolate and concentrate protein and its peptides. This flour has been utilized in food formulations like bread, crackers, food mix, beverage mix, mucuna milk, and traditional foods like moin moin, chapatti, and mash. The major constraint of the utilization in the food industry is due to the presence of antinutrients and their removal and depletion by various treatments was focussed. It can replace the source of animal protein, fulfill the protein insufficiency of the population and increase food security.
Abstract The present research study aimed to examine three different herb extract's effects on the discoloration rate of fresh-cut pear slices using an image analysis technique. Pear slices were sprayed and dip-coated with Ocimum basilicum, Origanum vulgare, and Camellia sinensis (0.1 g/ml) extract solution. During 15 days storage period with three days intervals, all sprayed/dip-coated pear slices were analyzed for the quality attribute (TA) and color parameters notably a*, b*, hue angle (H*), lightness (L*), and total color change (ΔE). Further, order kinetic models were used to observe the color changes and to predict the shelf-life. The results obtained showed that the applicability of image analysis helped to predict the discoloration rate, and it was better fitted to the first-order (FO) kinetic model (R 2 ranging from 0.87 to 0.99). Based on the kinetic model, color features ΔE and L* was used to predict the shelf-life as they had high regression coefficient values. Thus, the findings obtained from the kinetic study demonstrated Camellia sinensis (assamica) extract spray-coated pear slices reported approximately 28.63- and 27.95-days shelf-stability without much discoloration compared with all other types of surface coating.
Abstract: Herbs and spices are used since time memorable to transfuse color and add flavors to food. Their antibacterial properties also help preserve raw and cooked foods. Various diets composed of herbs and spices, as consistent with various researches, have been shown to influence life within the human digestive tract. This modulation forms the basis of various health effects that the herbs and spices and the microflora have on the human health. The intestinal microbiota is engaged in a critical function of promoting health, composed of favourable microbes (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) and potentially harmful microorganisms (Salmonella thyphimurium and Escherichia coli). Spices and herbs make double oddities, i.e., inhibiting the proliferation of hazardous microbes while promoting favorable ones. The paper reviews the relevant manuscripts published in the past 20 years to understand the microbial modulation dynamics of herbs and spices. PubMed, Mendeley, SciELO, Scopus, Science Direct, and other peer-reviewed databases were accessed for the review. Microbial modulation is achieved by means of herbs and spices owing to the reduction of oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen radicals, such as OHˉ, singlet O2, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide radical, which leads to a threat to the intestinal microbiota. Spices and herbs have essential oils that serve as prebiotics, reducing the demand to impart artificial antioxidants, thus avoiding the associated health risks. Thus, the present review explores the mechanisms and underlying functions of herbs and spices in the human gut biome.
An attempt has been made for drying of Bauhinia variegata flowers along with retaining its quality attributes. The effect of various pre-treatments namely, steam blanching (0–6 min), potassium metabisulfite (KMS) (0–3,000 ppm), citric acid (0%–1%), and dipping time (0–45 min) was evaluated on physico-chemical as well as phytochemical potential of dried B. variegata flowers. The optimized conditions (blanching time 1.20 min, KMS 1,031 ppm, citric acid 0.35%, and dipping time 18.72 min) for the pre-treatment of B. variegata flowers resulted in desirable retention of the quality attributes (moisture: 14.34%, ash: 3.50%, phenolic: 407.67 mg/100 g, ascorbic acid: 66.38 mg/100 g, protein: 24.18 mg/100 g, tannins: 301 mg/100 g, antioxidant activity: 87.40%, flavonoids: 280.73 mg/100 g, and overall acceptability: 7.57). Cluster analysis revealed that all variables have significant and equal effect on the quality attributes of dried B. variegata flowers. Analysis through FTIR and HPLC counter confirmed the significant effect of the variables. Novelty impact statement The Kachnar (Bauhinia variegata) is not only distributed throughout the India but has its roots throughout the world. It has gained popularity as a medicinal tree traditionally and is being utilized for curing different diseases. Despite of its composition and various health benefits, its commercial utilization is limited because of its availability at limited places for limited time. At various locations, the optimised conditions will aid in obtaining the joy of this nutritive flower for a much longer period of time.
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