Fawn T. Ngo

University of South Florida

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Raymond Paternoster

United States Department of Justice

Alex R. Piquero

University of Miami

Doris Layton MacKenzie

Pennsylvania State University

Francis T. Cullen

University of Cincinnati

Ramakrishna Govindu

University of South Florida Sarasota–Manatee

Anurag Agarwal

Graphic Era University

José R. Agustina

Universitat Abat Oliba CEU

Anurag Agarwal

Systems Analytics (United States)

Victòria Fernández-Cruz

Universitat Oberta de Catalunya

Rustu Deryol

University of South Florida Sarasota–Manatee

Cooperative Institutions

University of South Florida

University of South Florida Sarasota–Manatee

Florida State University

Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais

University of Florida

University of Cambridge

University of California, Irvine

Institute of Criminology

The University of Texas at Dallas

University of Maryland, College Park

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Low Self-control, Harassment Perpetration, and Stalking Victimization among Asian College Students

Victims & Offenders (2019)

Fawn T. Ngo Alex R. Piquero

A sizable amount of research has empirically tested Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime, with results showing that low self-control is an important correlate of offending, analogous behaviors, and victimization. Within this line of research however, less attention has been paid toward examining the generality of their theory within the race/ethnicity space as well as the extent to which the theory offers a useful framework for understanding harassment and stalking. In this paper, we use data from a sample of young adult Asian Americans to examine these outcomes. Unlike prior research, we do not detect any relationship between low self-control on harassment or stalking. Implications and directions for future research are outlined.

Stalking

Harassment

Generality

Social control theory

Just-world hypothesis

10.1080/15564886.2019.1671281

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Citations (5)

The Linkage Between Low Self-Control, Perception of Control, and Tourist Victimization: Bridging the Gap Between Perceived and Actual Risks

Crime & Delinquency (2024)

Fawn T. Ngo Bressia M. Borja Delaney Newman Yuna Kim

Drawing data from a sample of tourists, we explored whether low self-control and greater perceived control of victimization are related to actual victimization, whether low self-control predict perceived control of victimization, and whether perceived control of victimization mediates the relationship between low self-control and actual victimization. Net of tourists’ demographics, travel experiences, and travel preferences, we found individuals with low self-control and those with greater perceived control of victimization had a heightened risk of becoming victims. We also found individuals with low self-control were more likely to express a greater perceived control of victimization, but perceived control of victimization did not mediate the relationship between low self-control and actual victimization. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.

Linkage (software)

Perceived control

10.1177/00111287241285824

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Low Self-Control, the Adventurer Personality, and Victimization: A Tourism Evaluation

Victims & Offenders (2021)

Fawn T. Ngo Chae M. Jaynes John K. Cochran Alex R. Piquero

There is a dearth of research examining criminal victimization among tourists and travelers. Additionally, with the exception of the routine activities framework, none of the leading criminological perspectives have been applied to study tourism victimization. In this paper, we apply a dominant criminological perspective, self-control theory, and an emerging perspective on tourist personality inventory, the Jackson Tourist Personality Inventory, to examine risks of victimization among a sample of tourists. We also assess whether the adventurer tourist personality inventory influences risks of victimization beyond an individual's self-control. Employing three categories of victimization – personal victimization, property victimization, and other victimization – we found low self-control predicted two types of victimization (property victimization and other victimization) while the adventurer tourist personality type was a significant predictor of one type of victimization (property victimization). We also uncovered that the characteristics of an adventurer tourist were not related to victimization risks after a tourist's self-control has been taken into consideration. Finally, we found that under conditions of very low self-control, the adventurer tourist measure was related to property victimization. Theoretical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

10.1080/15564886.2021.2014008

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Citations (7)

Stalking Victimization and Emotional Consequences: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Between American and Spanish University Students

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology (2021)

Victòria Fernández-Cruz Fawn T. Ngo

This paper entails a comparative study between a country that has criminalized stalking for almost three decades (the U.S.) and a nation that just recently outlawed the phenomenon (Spain). Employing a sample of American and Spanish university students, we examined the prevalence and types of stalking behaviors and victims' emotional responses to their victimization. We also explored whether experiencing a particular category of stalking behaviors (i.e., surveillance and approach stalking) triggers specific emotional responses similarly among American and Spanish victims. We found more than two-thirds (36%) of the Spanish students (n = 638) and almost half (48%) of the American students (n = 411) reported that they have experienced the unwanted or intrusive behaviors included in our study. We also found relative to Spanish victims, American victims were significantly more likely to encounter approach stalking and report feeling anxious, angry, depressed, sick, and suicidal as a result of their victimization. Implications of our findings and directions for future research are discussed.

Stalking

10.1177/0306624x21990816

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Citations (2)

An Exploratory Investigation of Traditional Stalking and Cyberstalking Victimization among University Students in Spain and the United States: A Comparative Analysis

IDP Revista de Internet Derecho y Política (2021)

Victòria Fernández-Cruz José R. Agustina Fawn T. Ngo

Traditional stalking and cyberstalking have become a significant legal and social issue in today's society. Although a sizeable body of research on stalking victimization and perpetration currently exists, very little is known about cyberstalking victimization. Relatedly, there is a dearth of comparative research on the topics of traditional stalking and cyberstalking. Examining the prevalence and nature of stalking victimization across national settings will allow for an exploration of the significance of social context in affecting victims’ experiences as well as help highlight the competing influences operating in different contexts. Cross-national research on stalking will also provide an opportunity to consider a wide range of alternative options and solutions to the problem. The aim of this study is to compare and contrast the prevalence and nature of traditional stalking and cyberstalking victimization between American and Spanish university students. This study focuses on university students because there is evidence that they have a higher risk of becoming victims of stalking relative to the general population. Moreover, the comparative analysis undertaking in this study involves a country that has criminalized stalking for almost three decades (the United States) and a country that has just recently enacted an anti-stalking statute (Spain). Such analysis is warranted as it will allow the researchers to engage in critical analyses of current anti-stalking statutes and advocate for innovative, sensible, and effective solutions in addressing the crime of stalking. In addition to presenting the results, the policy implications derived from the study will also be discussed.

Stalking

Exploratory research

10.7238/idp.v0i32.373814

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Citations (4)

Boot Camps and Shock Incarceration Programs

Criminology (2011)

Ojmarrh Mitchell Fawn T. Ngo

Correctional boot camps, also known as “shock incarceration” programs, are correctional programs modeled after military basic training. Just like basic training, boot camps emphasize drill and ceremony—and physical activity. Generally, boot camps target young, nonviolent offenders with limited criminal history. Boot camps are largely short-term programs lasting 90 to 180 days. Inmates who successfully complete these programs are released under supervision back to the community; however, inmates who drop out or are dismissed from boot camps are often required to serve longer terms of incarceration in traditional correctional facilities. Typically, inmates involved in boot camps are required to wake up before dawn, dress quickly, gather, and march to an exercise yard, where they perform calisthenics, complete long runs, take on obstacle/challenge courses, and engage in manual labor. Inmates march to their dining facilities, where they typically eat quickly and with minimal conversation before engaging in more military exercises. Boot camps require inmates to adhere to a strict code of conduct at all times. Deviations from these rules are met with reprimands or punishments involving physical exercises (e.g., push-ups) or the removal of privileges. Outside of this quasi-military orientation, boot camps vary greatly. Some programs have little to no time allotted for treatment activities, while others devote considerable portions of the day to these activities. Some programs require offenders to volunteer for the programs; others allow judges or corrections officials to mandate boot camp participation. Another important variation is in the manner and intensity of postrelease community supervision; some programs offer offenders limited community supervision, while other programs offer intensive supervision. This bibliography lists research describing boot camps and their philosophy and goals. It also details research that evaluates inmate adjustment to the boot camp environment and the effects of boot camp participation on various outcomes. Taken together, the studies listed here describe the rise, fall, and evolution of correctional boot camp programs.

Boot camp

Calisthenics

Mandate

10.1093/obo/9780195396607-0068

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Stalking Strain, Concurrent Negative Emotions, and Legitimate Coping Strategies: A Preliminary Test of Gendered Strain Theory

American Journal of Criminal Justice (2012)

Fawn T. Ngo Raymond Paternoster

Stalking

General Strain Theory

Affect

Strain (injury)

10.1007/s12103-012-9179-x

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Citations (24)

Sexting: Current Research Gaps and Legislative Issues

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2017)

Fawn T. Ngo K. Jaishankar José R. Agustina

10.5281/zenodo.1037369

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Citations (20)

Contemporaneous and Lagged Effects of Life Domains and Substance Use: A Test of Agnew's General Theory of Crime and Delinquency

Journal of Criminology (2014)

Fawn T. Ngo Raymond Paternoster

This study presents a partial test of Agnew’s general theory of crime and delinquency. Relying on a sample of adolescents and employing measures of the self, family, school, and peers domains, this study examines the contemporaneous and lagged effects of these four life domains on the likelihood of consuming alcohol and using marijuana. This study also assesses the contemporaneous and lagged effects of the life domain variables on themselves and on one another. Overall, the results lend support for Agnew’s general theory. The results also reveal several notable puzzles and underscore the complexity of this potentially important contemporary theoretical perspective.

General Strain Theory

General theory

10.1155/2014/320486

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Citations (17)

Bad Job Measure

PsycTESTS Dataset (2011)

Fawn T. Ngo Raymond Paternoster Francis T. Cullen Doris Layton MacKenzie

10.1037/t17978-000

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Citations (0)