Au LIREM (Laboratoire de recherche en management), Aurore Darmandieu s’intéresse aux comportements en faveur de l’environnement réalisés par des individus liés à une organisation (salariés, utilisateurs de services publics, etc.). Comme chaque comportement en faveur de l’environnement, séparer ses déchets pour recycler est soumis à de nombreux facteurs de motivation et de barrières perçues qui peuvent empêcher la réalisation du comportement. Essayons de défricher le terrain pour mieux comprendre ce qui nous pousse, et à l’inverse, ce qui nous freine, à séparer nos déchets.
Abstract This study investigates whether circularity in production processes generates a reduction of firms' production costs and the conditions that determine the intensity of this reduction. It explores the role of two moderators for this cost‐efficiency advantage to emerge, namely, eco‐innovativeness (investments dedicated to the adequate implementation of circular practices in current production processes) and green jobs (human resources dedicated to circular practices). Using data on 13,117 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) from the Flash Eurobarometer 2017, a cluster analysis revealed that there is a gradual path towards Circular Economy among European SMEs, with the implementation of increasingly more circular practices. Four ordered probit models confirmed that a higher level of circularity in processes achieved by European SMEs is related to a reduction in their production costs. Moreover, eco‐innovativeness positively moderates this relation. In contrast, the relative share of green jobs in SMEs' workforce mitigates the impact of circularity on production costs. In practice, by engaging in circularity, SMEs can contribute to the United Nations goals for Sustainable Development while reducing production costs; although the level of this reduction depends on how circularity is implemented.
The contaminating effects of economic activity and the scarcity of natural resources has led firms to a situation in which corporate strategy has been compromised by environmental issues. The objective of this paper is to analyse some of the factors determining the pro-environmental change process by considering the drivers encouraging firms to progress in environmental protection and the barriers that curb this progress. Using a structural equation model implemented on a sample of 303 firms, our results confirm a direct and positive effect of stakeholder pressure and of the expectations of obtaining competitive advantages from the pro-environmental change process. The results also confirmed the indirect effect of stakeholder pressure on pro-environmental change through managers’ expectations of obtaining competitive advantages, which play a mediating role in the firm’s response. Although managers interpret the barriers we have studied as obstacles to adopting environmental protection measures, they do not prevent any firm from reaching advanced levels of pro-environmental change.
Abstract This study analyses the effect of communication and cooperation—as engagement mechanisms of stakeholder's integration capacity—on eco‐innovation intensity in firms. With this purpose, a mediation model is conducted, controlling by activity sector and firm's size. Results show that communication, as the first stakeholder engagement mechanism, has a positive effect on eco‐innovation strategy and that communication is a step that comes before cooperation. Results show that cooperation with stakeholders also supports eco‐innovation strategy development. It is therefore concluded that, when firms reach the greatest degree of stakeholder integration, through cooperation mechanisms, eco‐innovation strategy is greater than when there is only communication. This study provides three types of contribution to the literature: First, the effects of two types of stakeholder engagement mechanisms, communication, and cooperation, on firm's eco‐innovation strategy are separately analysed, as the interconnection between them. Second, the study proposes a novel way of measuring eco‐innovation that enables us to consider different degrees of eco‐innovative intensity based on a capital model that includes the accumulation of tangible and intangible assets derived from activities recently adopted by firms to reduce environmental impact. Third, this study provides empirical evidence to previous literature, generally case study‐based, of the effect that the stakeholder integration process has on eco‐innovation, through communication and cooperation mechanisms.
This study analyses strategic proactivity as a driving factor in the implementation of an advanced environmental strategy in a firm. Strategic proactivity is defined as a firm’s tendency to initiate voluntary changes instead of reacting to events in the environment and according to previous literature, can be interpreted as a combination of internal factors that characterise a firm’s business strategy as that of a prospector firm. In this study, we measured this through innovation, with two variables related to the firm’s entire production cycle: R&D expenditure and patents. However, we also considered two more strategic proactivity indicators: innovation proactivity and internationalisation proactivity. These two proactivity variables take into account the innovative and international actions of the firms, going beyond the actions usually taken by firms in the same sector. Using panel data methodology, we obtained results that show that firms who invest in R&D and patent their innovations achieve more advanced positions in their environmental strategies. Empirical evidence also shows that firms with a greater innovation effort throughout the production cycle (product, process, organisation and marketing) than their competitors also attain more advanced positions (proactivity) in environmental matters. In other words, innovation proactivity is a driver of environmental strategy. In relation to internationalization, the results also showed that firms that operate in a larger geographical area than their competitors adapt to the most demanding environmental legislation, placing them in a position of environmental leadership in their respective sectors. The inclusion of internationalization as an indicator of strategic proactivity, the measurement of proactivity variables and the correction of firms’ specific unobserved aspects are some of this paper’s contributions.
In this research, we extend the nascent literature on green psychological climate by studying how it translates into employees’ organizational citizenship behavior for the environment. We argue that a green psychological climate, consisting in injunctive social norms individually perceived, can trigger directly employees’ organizational citizenship behavior for the environment. We also argue that there exist two possible indirect paths: one through organizational identification (i.e., a cognition proximate to employees’ self-concept) and the second through perceived organizational and supervisory support for the environment (i.e., an ongoing social exchange relation in which the employees are embedded with their organization and its representatives). The specificity of our methodology is that we maintain the analysis at the individual level only, as our interest lies in understanding how employees interpret organizational signals, make sense of their organizational milieu, and translate this into actual behavior. Using primary data from an Argentinian large retailing company, we find support for the indirect effects of the green psychological climate on employees’ organizational citizenship behavior for the environment. We do not find support for the direct effect. Overall, this research contributes to uncovering the social-psychological determinants of employees’ behaviors.