The aim: To analyze the incidence of malignant neoplasms in the main cities of the Siberian Federal District of Russia. Methods: Data were collected from annual forms of the Federal Statistical Monitoring N 7 "Information about Malignant Neoplasms" for the cities of Gorno-Altaisk, Ulan-Ude, Abakan, Barnaul, Chita, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk and Tomsk. Main epidemiological indicators were calculated by gender for the period from 2004-2018. Results. In 2018, 31 636 cases of cancer were registered in the cities which accounts for 39.9 % of the total number of the malignant neoplasms in whole District. The most common malignancies in male population were lung cancer (16.3 %), prostate cancer (12.5 %), skin melanoma (12.1 %), colorectal cancer (11.7 %) and stomach cancer (7.1 %). Among women, breast cancer (21.5 %), skin melanoma (17.3 %), colorectal cancer (11.5 %), uterine cancer (6.4 %) and cervical cancer (5.0 %) were the most common malignancies. Standardized rates of the increased overall cancer incidence from 271,0 to 287,2 %000 during the study period. The highest standardized incidence rate was observed in the cities of Ulan-Ude (267.9 %000), Chita (253.6 %000), Krasnoyarsk (308.2 %000) and Omsk (305.9 %000). According to prediction model, the cancer incidence may increase to 307.4 %000 by 2025. Conclusion. Urban population of Siberia has high incidence of malignant neoplasms. The incidence rate has been gradually increasing over the years and may further increase by 2025 if no measures are taken.
Few studies compared cancer incidence among migrants both to their host countries and to their population of origin. We aimed to compare cancer incidence of ethnic Germans who migrated from the former Soviet Union to Germany (resettlers) to those living in Russia as well as to the German and the Russian general populations. The cancer registry of North Rhine-Westphalia identified incident cases of stomach, colorectal, lung, breast and prostate cancer in resettlers and the general population of the administrative district of Münster (Germany) between 2004 and 2013. The Tomsk cancer registry collected the same data in ethnic Germans and the general population of the Tomsk region (Russia). We used standardised incidence rate ratios (SIRs) to compare rates of resettlers and ethnic Germans with the respective general populations. The total number of person-years under risk was 83,289 for ethnic Germans, 8,006,775 for the population of Tomsk, 219,604 for resettlers, and 20,516,782 for the population of Münster. Incidence of the five investigated cancer types among ethnic Germans did not differ from incidence of the general population of Tomsk. Compared to the general population of Tomsk, incidence among resettlers was higher for colorectal cancer in both sexes (females: SIR 1.45 [95% CI 1.14–1.83], males: SIR 1.56 [95% CI 1.23–1.97]), breast cancer in females (SIR 1.65 [95% CI 1.40–1.95]), and prostate cancer (SIR 1.64 [95% CI 1.34–2.01]). Incidence rates of these cancer types among resettlers were more similar to rates of the general population of Münster. Incidence of stomach and lung cancer did not differ between resettlers and the general population of Tomsk. After an average stay of 15 years, we observed that incidence of colorectal, breast and prostate cancer among resettlers converged to levels of the general population of Münster. Resettler's incidence of stomach and lung cancer, however, was comparable to incidence in their population of origin. Causes must be investigated in subsequent analytical studies.
The purpose of the study was to analyze cancer incidence in Siberia and the Russian Far East in 2010–2021.
Materials and methods. We used data from population-based cancer registries in 21 administrative territories of Siberia and the Russian Far East for 2010–2021. The calculations were carried out using the direct standardization method.
Results. In 2021, the most common cancer sites in males were: lung (18.7%), prostate (14.1%) and colorectum (11.1%); in females: breast (21.0%), skin (12.6%) and colorectum (11.3%). From 2010 to 2019, the overall cancer incidence rate increased by 26.7%. Age-standardized incidence rates in males increased from 301.2 to 332.10/0000. For females, age-standardized incidence rates increased from 220.8 to 256.10/0000.
In 2020, cancer incidence rates decreased, the overall decline was 12.9%. Age-standardized cancer incidence rates in males and females were 288.5 and 223.2 per 100 000 population, respectively. In 2021, the corresponding rates for males and females were 288.2 and 235.80/0000, respectively.
Limitations. To assess the prevalence of oncological diseases in the territories of Siberia and the Russian Far East 1 233 759 new cases of malignant neoplasms were analyzed over 12 years, which is a sufficient reference sample.
Conclusion. In Siberia and the Russian Far East, cancer incidence rates in 2020 were lower than in 2019 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to the reduction in the number of cases diagnosed and referred for the first-line treatment. In 2021, an increase in the age-standardized cancer incidence rate was observed, with the age at diagnosis tended to be younger. In 2010, 80–84 years men and 75–79 years women exhibited the highest incidence rates (2536.5 and 1246.80/0000, respectively). In 2021, the highest cancer incidence rates for males and females were observed in the 70 to 74 years group (2717.1 and 1402.60/0000, respectively).
Abstract Introduction Tumors of the central nervous system are among the leading causes of cancer-related death in children. Population-based cancer survival reflects the overall effectiveness of a health care system in managing cancer. Inequity in access to care world-wide may result in survival disparities. Methods We considered children (0–14 years) diagnosed with a brain tumor during 2000–2014, regardless of tumor behavior. Data underwent a rigorous, three-phase quality control as part of CONCORD-3. We implemented a revised version of the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (third edition) to control for under-registration of non-malignant astrocytic tumors. We estimated net survival using the unbiased nonparametric Pohar Perme estimator. Results The study included 67,776 children. We estimated survival for 12 histology groups, each based on relevant ICD-O-3 codes. Age-standardized 5-year net survival for low-grade astrocytoma ranged between 84% and 100% world-wide during 2000–2014. In most countries, 5-year survival was 90% or more during 2000–2004, 2005–2009, and 2010–2014. Global variation in survival for medulloblastoma was much wider, with age-standardized 5-year net survival between 47% and 86% for children diagnosed during 2010–2014. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the largest account to date of global trends in population-based survival for brain tumors in children, by histology. We devised an enhanced version of ICCC-3 to account for differences in cancer registration practices world-wide. Our findings may have public health implications, because low-grade glioma is 1 of the 6 index childhood cancers included by WHO in the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer.
Введение. В структуре заболеваемости и смертности от онкологических заболеваний рак легкого занимает одну из лидирующих позиций в Сибирском федеральном округе (СФО), Томской области. Изучение эпидемиологической ситуации по раку легкого актуально для обоснования и разработки профилактических мероприятий. Цель. Анализ динамики заболеваемости, смертности, качественных показателей оказания медицинской помощи больным раком легкого в Томской области в 2014–2021 гг. с учетом последствий пандемии COVID-19. Материалы и методы. Отчетные формы № 7, С51 Томской области за 2014-2021 гг. Расчет полученных данных осуществлялся в соответствии с методическими рекомендациями МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена. Результаты. При сравнении периодов 2018–2019 и 2020–2021 гг. наблюдается: у мужчин снижение заболеваемости (стандартизованные показатели) с 65,0 до 55,1 00/0000, с убылью 15,2 % (СФО — убыль 10,0 %), снижение смертности с 49,3 до 48,7/0000, с убылью 1,2 % (СФО — убыль 5,1 %). У женщин —снижение заболеваемости с 10,7 до 10,6 0/0000, с убылью 0,9 % (СФО — убыль 1,0 %) и рост смертности с 7,0 до 7,4 0/0000 с приростом 5,7 % (СФО — убыль 1,4 %). Статистически значимо выросла активная выявляемость в 2,1 раза (с 12,5 до 26,2%), р = 0,019, снизились показатели одногодичной летальности с 62,1 до 47,7 %, р = 0,001. Остальные качественные показатели онкологической помощи статистически значимо не изменились. Несмотря на выросшее количество проводимых компьютерных томографий (в 2,7 раза в период с 2018-2019 по 2020-2021 гг.) органов грудной клетки, статистически значимого повышения выявляемости и ранней диагностики рака легкого не отмечено. Выводы. Приоритетной мерой по совершенствованию ранней диагностики рака лёгкого является разработка и внедрение территориального алгоритма скрининга рака лёгкого с применением низкодозной компьютерной томографии на основе внедрения стандартизации самого метода, разработки алгоритма отбора и маршрутизации пациентов.
Survival is a key metric of the effectiveness of a health system in managing cancer. We set out to provide a comprehensive examination of worldwide variation and trends in survival from brain tumors in adults, by histology.We analyzed individual data for adults (15-99 years) diagnosed with a brain tumor (ICD-O-3 topography code C71) during 2000-2014, regardless of tumor behavior. Data underwent a 3-phase quality control as part of CONCORD-3. We estimated net survival for 11 histology groups, using the unbiased nonparametric Pohar Perme estimator.The study included 556,237 adults. In 2010-2014, the global range in age-standardized 5-year net survival for the most common sub-types was broad: in the range 20%-38% for diffuse and anaplastic astrocytoma, from 4% to 17% for glioblastoma, and between 32% and 69% for oligodendroglioma. For patients with glioblastoma, the largest gains in survival occurred between 2000-2004 and 2005-2009. These improvements were more noticeable among adults diagnosed aged 40-70 years than among younger adults.To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the largest account to date of global trends in population-based survival for brain tumors by histology in adults. We have highlighted remarkable gains in 5-year survival from glioblastoma since 2005, providing large-scale empirical evidence on the uptake of chemoradiation at population level. Worldwide, survival improvements have been extensive, but some countries still lag behind. Our findings may help clinicians involved in national and international tumor pathway boards to promote initiatives aimed at more extensive implementation of clinical guidelines.
Introduction . Malignant brain and other central nervous system tumors show a statistically significant increased incidence worldwide (GLOBOCAN, 2018). The study objective – to estimate the incidence of malignant brain and other central nervous system tumors in Siberia and the Russian Far East. Materials and methods . Using data from the population-based cancer registry in Siberia and the Russian Far East, we calculated the cancer incidence rates, the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), the index accuracy (the ratio of the number of cancer-related deaths to the number of new cases) of malignant brain and other central nervous system tumors during the period 2010 to 2019. Results . During the period 2010 to 2019, brain and other central nervous system malignances in males were the 14 th most common cancers in Siberian and the Russian Far Eastern region, with the incidence of 1.6 % in 2010 and 1.5 % in 2019. In females, brain and other central nervous system malignances were the 16 th most common cancers, with the equal incidence of 1.3 % in 2010 and 2020. Overall, the incidence rate of malignant brain and other central nervous system tumors in Siberian and the Russian Far Eastern regions increased from 5.1 to 5.6 per 100 000 with rate of increase of 9.8 %, including the territories of the Republic of Kamchatka (238.5 %), Amur (147.8 %), Khakassia (89.1 %), Irkutsk (65,1 %), Krasnoyarsk (37.8 %), and Primorsky (33.3 %) regions. The incidence rate decreased in the Kemerovo region (34.4 %) and the Trans-Baikal Territory (44.4 %). In women of Siberian and the Russian Far Eastern regions, the incidence rate was slightly increased from 3.7 to 4.0 per 100 000, the overall rate of increase being 8.1 %. The highest incidence rate was registered in the Altai Territory (47.8 %), Novosibirsk region (33.3 %), the Republic of Khakassia (25.0 %), Amur region (246.2 %), but the lowest incidence rate was observed in the Kemerovo region (7.0 %) and the Trans-Baikal Territory (61.1 %). The index accuracy indicated problems with the quality of territorial cancer registries. In males, the reduced the index accuracy was observed in Siberian and the Russian Far Eastern regions as a whole and amounted to 0.81. The index accuracy was also observed in the Krasnoyarsk, Primorsky, Kamchatka, Novosibirsk and Amur regions, as well as in the Republic of Khakassia, whereas the increased index accuracy was observed in the Kemerovo Region, Altai Republic, Khabarovsk and Trans-Baikal Territories. In females, the increased index accuracy was observed Siberian and the Russian Far Eastern regions as a whole, being 0.78 in 2019, and in the Krasnoyarsk, Kamchatka, Tomsk regions, as well as in the Republic of Khakassia. The reduced index accuracy was noted in the Altai, Primorsky Territories and the Amur Region. Conclusion . The problems of registration and monitoring of malignant brain and other central nervous system tumors in Russia does not make it possible to present the true incidence rate of these tumors. The development and implementation of a Neuro-Oncology Registry in accordance with the international standards will allow full analysis of the epidemiological situation of malignant brain and other central nervous system tumors.
Background. The incidence of female reproductive system cancer, including breast, cervical, ovarian and uterine cancers, is steadily increasing, and therefore it is advisable to conduct an epidemiological analysis and assess the quality of medical care. The purpose of the study was to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of reproductive system cancer in females of the Tyva Republic. Material and Methods. The reporting forms № 7 “Cancer incidence in the Tyva Republic” for 2013–2022 were used. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated using the “Oncostat” program, and cancer care quality was assessed using “Cancer Care Indicators” program. Results. Reproductive system cancer in the Tyva Republic accounted for 46.3 % of all malignant neoplasms in females during 2013–2022. In 2022, breast cancer was the most common cancer (16.2 %) followed by cervical cancer (13.7 %), ovarian cancer (6.7 %), and uterine cancer (4.0 %). During the study period, none of these cancers showed a statistically significant increase in agestandardized incidence rates (AS R). In 2022, age-standardized incidence rates in the Tyva Republic were higher than those in the Siberian Federal District for cervical cancer (27.5 ± 3.7 vs 16.3 ± 0.4 0/0000) and for ovarian cancer (14.1 ± 2.8 vs 12.7 ± 0.3 0/0000), but lower for breast cancer (32.4 ± 4.1 vs 58.7 ± 0.6 0/0000) and uterine cancer (8.6 ± 2.2 vs 19.7 ± 0.4 0/0000). Overall, cancer care quality indicators for reproductive system cancers had improved. Active detection increased from 22.0 to 29.8 %, p=0.039 (in the Siberian Federal District: from 27.6 to 37.2 %, p=0.001). The detection rate at I–II stages increased from 53.7 to 75.2 %, p=0.004 (in the Siberian Federal District: from 63.0 to 71.3 %, p=0.001). The percentage of advanced stages decreased from 37.4 % to 15.5 %, p=0.001 (from 27.4 % to 23.1 % in the Siberian Federal District, p=0.013). The oneyear mortality rates also decreased from 19.0 to 5.4 %, p=0.013 (in the Siberian Federal District: from 11.8 to 8.5 %, р<0.001). The high incidence of cervical cancer, the absence of noticeable optimal changes in the early detection and the high prevalence of HPV infection among the female population of the Tyva Republic indicate the relevance of mass HPV testing as a part of secondary cancer prevention. Conclusion . The high incidence of female reproductive system cancer and the current status of reproductive cancer care in the Republic of Tyva dictate the need to strengthen primary, secondary and tertiary cancer prevention.
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