In this review, we compare hydrogen production from waste by pyrolysis and bioprocesses. In contrast, the pyrolysis feed was limited to plastic and tire waste unlikely to be utilized by biological decomposition methods. Recent risks of pyrolysis, such as pollutant emissions during the heat decomposition of polymers, and high energy demands were described and compared to thresholds of bioprocesses such as dark fermentation. Many pyrolysis reactors have been adapted for plastic pyrolysis after successful investigation experiences involving waste tires. Pyrolysis can transform these wastes into other petroleum products for reuse or for energy carriers, such as hydrogen. Plastic and tire pyrolysis is part of an alternative synthesis method for smart polymers, including semi-conductive polymers. Pyrolysis is less expensive than gasification and requires a lower energy demand, with lower emissions of hazardous pollutants. Short-time utilization of these wastes, without the emission of metals into the environment, can be solved using pyrolysis. Plastic wastes after pyrolysis produce up to 20 times more hydrogen than dark fermentation from 1 kg of waste. The research summarizes recent achievements in plastic and tire waste pyrolysis development.

10.3390/hydrogen3040034

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Chemical surface modification for RO membranes based on GO‐mixed polymers for water desalination and biofouling study

Polymer Engineering and Science (2023)

Marwa Shalaby Heba Abdallah Ralph Wilken Christoph Schmüser Ahmed M. Shaban

Abstract The modification of conventional polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) membranes with grafted methacrylic acid in the presence of nanomaterial is disclosed. To decrease fouling, this study shows the effectiveness of grafting a hydrophilic methacrylic acid (PMAA) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheet. The change in membrane surface after coating method with different layers was obvious. The results of the ATR‐FTIR, SEM, AFM, contact angle investigations from side and enhanced rejection and permeability from other side proved that the grafting and modification processes had been successful. In comparison between different modifications based on grafting for thin film and blend RO membranes (RO T, RO P, and RO PG), it was found that the modified membrane nominated RO TG membranes showed less biofouling. The modified membrane with 1.25 weight percent PMAA concentration and 0.4 weight percent distributed GO had the lowest contact angle, the least fouling, the highest chlorine resistance, and improved desalination performance. Highlights Biofouling study for modified RO membranes Chlorine resistance membranes for water desalination Enhanced surface hydrophilicity through grafting of polyamide membranes

Biofouling

Surface Modification

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)

Thin-film composite membrane

10.1002/pen.26591

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Polyethersulfone/Polyamide11Cost Effective, Antifouling- Nanofiltration Blend Membrane

Global NEST International Conference on Environmental Science & Technology (2022)

Marwa Shalaby Heba Abdallah Adnan Alanezi Ahmed shaban

Nanofiltration membranes (NF) are considered and used extensively in seawater softening, food, textile, and mining industries for the removal of di-and multi-valents to increase RO lifetime by decreasing fouling rates, and chemical cleaning intervals. In this work, blend membranes of polyethersulfone and polyamide11 were prepared by phase inversion process. The membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),pore size distribution, mechanical properties and membranes performance. The results indicated that, the membrane (N2), which was prepared using PA11 (1 wt%) with a solution of sodium dodecylsulphate (0.5wt%) and TiO2 (1 wt%) provides the best performance according to rejection percentage. Where, the rejection percentage of magnesium sulfate reached 99 %, 97% and 91% as a function of feed synthetic salt solutionof concentration 1g/l, 2 g/l, and 5 g/l respectively. Permeate flux of (N2) was the lowest one due to havinga dense top layer of this membrane and low mean pore size (7.7 nm) which was 66.7 L/m2.h, 64.2 L/m2.h and 53.5 L/m2.h as a function of feed synthetic salt solutionof concentration 1g/l, 2 g/l and 5 g/l respectively. The fouling test was carried out using methylene blue dye, where the membrane (N2) exhibits good antifouling properties.

Nanofiltration

Biofouling

Phase inversion

Water softening

Sodium sulfate

10.30955/gnc2019.00162

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Comparison between the Effect of Nano Chitosan and Fabcomic Insecticide against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences F Toxicology & Pest Control (2019)

Marwa Shalaby Heba Nasr Inas Mostafa I. Noha

molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology.www.eajbs.eg.net

10.21608/eajbsf.2019.66481

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Supporting Polyvinylchloride Polymeric Blend Membrane with Coated Woven Fabric

Journal of membrane science and research (2018)

Heba Abdallah Marwa Shalaby Mohamad Saad A. Shaban

Blend reverse osmosis membranes were fabricated using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with cellulose acetate (CA) as polymer blends. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) were used as solvents. The membrane polymer solution was cast on a coated woven fabric support material. The prepared membranes have been characterized by SEM and mechanical properties. SEM results prove that the prepared membranes are smooth and their pores are distributed throughout the entire surface and bulk body of the membrane without any visible cracks. The stress-strain mechanical test indicates an excellent mechanical behavior. The membranes performance results show that the salt rejection reached 98.4% at a concentration of 20000 ppm with high ﬂux under pressure of up to 50 bars. Thus, in turn, the prepared membranes can be applied for sea and brackish water desalination through reverse osmosis technology. Also, the prepared membrane was compared with membranes without support and membranes with commercial suppor.

Cellulose acetate

Polyvinyl acetate

Nanofiltration

Tetrahydrofuran

10.22079/jmsr.2018.81167.1176

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Comparison between the Effect of Nano Chitosan and Fabcomic Insecticide against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences F Toxicology & Pest Control (2019)

Marwa Shalaby Heba Nasr Inas Mostafa I. Noha

10.21608/eajbsf.2019.65260

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Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline/Zeolite X Composites as Anticorrosion Coating Materials

Polymer Science Series B (2018)

Tarek S. Jamil A. Shaban Marwa Shalaby Eglal R. Souaya M. R. Sedra

Characterization

10.1134/s1560090418030120

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Blend polyethersulfone/zirconium oxychloride octahydrate membranes crosslinked by polyvinyl alcohol layer for high saline water desalination

Journal of Polymer Engineering (2020)

Radwa Taman Moustapha Salem Mansour Dina Ahmed El-Gayar Heba Abdallah Marwa Shalaby

Abstract Mixed matrix membranes were prepared by blending polyethersulfone with zirconium oxychloride octahydrate (ZOH) solution, and coating by polyvinyl alcohol layer. Different analyses were applied in the prepared membranes. Membranes performances were examined using different salty solutions concentrations (5000, 10,000 and 20,000 mg/L) and a real sample from highly concentrated seawater (brine) of 1,30,900 mg/L. The results indicate that blending polyethersulfone with 1.5% ZOH and coating with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cross-linking layer (M4) provides salt rejection of 99.9% with permeate flux of 32.4 L/m 2 .h for the salt solution of 5000 mg/L, while salt rejection was 92% with permeate flux of 11.1 L/m 2 .h for the salt solution of 1,30,900 mg/L. The results indicate enhancement in the hydrophilicity of the membranes especially after coating by the PVA layer and increasing the ZOH%, such as the high permeate flux and the lowest contact angle of prepared membrane M4 (1.5% ZOH) which was 39.7°. A long time experiment was applied on the prepared membrane (M4), where the results indicate that the permeate flux for a long time was approximately fixed for 120 h, which indicates that the membrane can be considered as a self-cleaning membrane.

Polyvinyl Alcohol

Polysulfone

Brine

10.1515/polyeng-2020-0030

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Hydrophilic Coating Layer by Layer on Polyethersulfone Membranes for Desalination

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry (2020)

Ayman El‐Gendi Heba A. Mohamed Marwa Shalaby

Water Desalination is becoming an issue for saving the required potable and drinking water due to shrinkage of pure water.Thus, this work deals with antifouling membrane preparation using polymeric compounds of Polyethersulfone/ Polyvinylalcohol (PES/PVA) with nanomaterials to produce antifouling membrane for water desalination.The PES membrane has prepared by phase inversion process followed by different coating ways.The coating with PVA provided the highest hydrophilic surface.The characterization of prepared membranes was carried out using various analysis methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical properties, porosity and contact angle.The pore size distribution of prepared membranes was determined using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method.The result showed that the best membrane performance has a coating with PVA layer, where rejection reached to 99 %, 95% and 88% as a function of concentration 500, 1500, and 3000 ppm respectively, while the permeate flux reached to 48.4 L/m2.h, 32.3 L/m2.h and 21.5 L/m2.h respectively.

Phase inversion

Biofouling

10.21608/ejchem.2020.44808.2910

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