The FoxP gene subfamily of transcription factors is defined by its characteristic 110 amino acid long DNA-binding forkhead domain and plays essential roles in vertebrate biology.Its four members, FoxP1-P4, have been extensively characterized functionally.FoxP1, FoxP2, and FoxP4 are involved in lung, heart, gut, and central nervous system (CNS) development.FoxP3 is necessary and sufficient for the specification of regulatory T cells (Tregs) of the adaptive immune system.In Drosophila melanogaster, in silico predictions identify one unique FoxP subfamily gene member (CG16899) with no described function.We characterized this gene and established that it generates by alternative splicing two isoforms that differ in the forkhead DNA-binding domain.In D. melanogaster, both isoforms are expressed in the embryonic CNS, but in hemocytes, only isoform A is expressed, hinting to a putative modulation through alternative splicing of FoxP1 function in immunity and/or other hemocyte-dependent processes.Furthermore, we show that in vertebrates, this novel alternative splicing pattern is conserved for FoxP1.In mice, this new FoxP1 isoform is expressed in brain, liver, heart, testes, thymus, and macrophages (equivalent in function to hemocytes).This alternative splicing pattern has arisen at the base of the Bilateria, probably through exon tandem duplication.Moreover, our phylogenetic analysis suggests that in vertebrates, FoxP1 is more related to the FoxP gene ancestral form and the other three paralogues, originated through serial duplications, which only retained one of the alternative exons.Also, the newly described isoform differs from the other in amino acids critical for DNA-binding specificity.The integrity of its fold is maintained, but the molecule has lost the direct hydrogen bonding to DNA bases leading to a putatively lower specificity and possibly affinity toward DNA.With the present comparative study, through the integration of experimental and in silico studies of the FoxP gene subfamily across the animal kingdom, we establish a new model for the FoxP gene in invertebrates and for the vertebrate FoxP1 paralogue.Furthermore, we present a scenario for the structural evolution of this gene class and reveal new previously unsuspected levels of regulation for FoxP1 in the vertebrate system.
Journal Article Complete nucleotide sequence of the Pvu ii restriction enzyme gene from Proteus vulgaris Get access A. Athanasiadis, A. Athanasiadis University of Crete, Department of Biology and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB)PO Box 1527, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Gregoriu, M. Gregoriu University of Crete, Department of Biology and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB)PO Box 1527, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. Thanos, D. Thanos University of Crete, Department of Biology and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB)PO Box 1527, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Kokkinidis, M. Kokkinidis University of Crete, Department of Biology and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB)PO Box 1527, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Papamatheakis J. Papamatheakis University of Crete, Department of Biology and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB)PO Box 1527, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 21, 21 November 1990, Page 6434, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.21.6434 Published: 21 November 1990 Article history Received: 26 September 1990 Published: 21 November 1990
44 Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of FOLFIRI plus CRT with 5FU as adjuvant treatment for patients with OGC. Methods: Patients received treatment with FOLFIRI (irinotrecan 150 mg/m 2 , d1, LV 200 mg/m 2 , d1+2 and 5FU [400 mg/m 2 /d bolus and 600 mg/m 2 /d, 22 h infusion, d1+2]) for 2 15-day cycles followed by RT (45Gy) with 5FU continuous infusion (325 mg/m 2 /d in the 1 st and 5 th week) administration. Eight additional cycles of FOLFIRI were administered after the completion of CRT. BRCA1, ERCC1, XPD, TOPO-I, TOPO-IIA and B and TS mRNA expression was determined in the primary tumor where available. Results: The median age of the 171 enrolled patients was 62 years, 114 (66%) were males, 136 (79%) had R0 resections and 152 (89%) had at least a D1 resection. Treatment was completed as per protocol in 107 (63%) of the patients. CRT was completed in all but 5 (3%) patients. The median rate of drug exposure was 93% for irinotecan, 87% for 5FU and 91% for LV. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (32%), febrile neutropenia (3.5%) and diarrhea (7%). After a median follow-up of 45.7 months 84 had relapsed and 70 were deceased. The median disease-free survival (DFS) was 30 months (95% CI: 18-41 months), while the projected median overall survival (mOS) was 53.7 months (95% CI: 30-77 months). The recurrence free probability at 5 years was 44% while the probability of survival at 5 years was 46%. From the studied pharmacogenetic markers only TS low expression was correlated with a trend towards improved DFS and OS in patients with R0 resections. Conclusions: These results show that the administration of FOLFIRI plus CRT with 5FU as adjuvant treatment in OGC is a feasible approach with acceptable toxicity and challenging efficacy which merits further evaluation in a randomized trial. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
To evaluate the effect of multifetal pregnancy reduction on complications and obstetrical outcome in multiple pregnancies containing a monochorionic component. We performed a retrospective review of women who underwent first trimester multifetal pregnancy reduction between 1991 and 2003. Eleven of 244 reduced multifetal pregnancies contained a monochorionic component. Nine of these 11 cases were triplet and 2 were quadruplet pregnancies all containing a monochorionic pair of twins. In one triplet pregnancy the single fetus was reduced, resulting in a monochorionic twin pregnancy. The monochorionic twins were reduced in the other 10 cases resulting in 8 singleton and 2 dichorionic twin pregnancies. In the case of the triplet pregnancy in which the single fetus was reduced premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) occurred during the 22 weeks of gestation and pregnancy was lost. Nine of the other 10 cases, in which fetal reduction of the monochorionic twins was performed, had a favorable outcome, resulting in the birth of 11 live infants at term. One singleton pregnancy after reduction of a triplet pregnancy was terminated in the 1st trimester due to chorioamnionitis. PROM within one week after the procedure complicated 3 of the 8 triplet but none of the quadruplet pregnancies. Reduction of monochorionic twins contained in multiple pregnancies appears to be a safe option, since pregnancy complications are rare and obstetrical outcome is favorable in most of these cases.
Antithamnion cruciatum (C. Agardh) Nägeli var. scandinavicum var. nov. is described from material collected on the Danish and Swedish coasts. The variety was found growing on small stones, shells and on Zostera at depths between 0.5 to ca. 10m. A comparative study was made with var. cruciatum , var. radicans (J. Agardh) Collins et Hervey and Antithamnion tenuissimum (Hauck) Schiffner, including examination of type material and laboratory cultures of isolates from the Mediterranean and the Swedish west coast. Variety scandinavicum differs from the other varieties mainly by absence or rare development of gland cells, and sparsely branched whorl‐branches. A. tenuissimum is distinguished from A. cruciatum by its shorter thallus, a sympodial type of branching, apparent absence of gland cells and adaxial‐monostichous branchlets. Asexual reproduction was found to occur commonly in culture in the two species and their varieties, the morphology of which is discussed.
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