A reportedly synthesized ligand, N-methyl-o-methoxybenzohydroxamic acid (Nmombha), and its freshly prepared transition metal (Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, and Zinc) complexes have been synthesized.For characterization of reportedly synthesized ligand and its freshly prepared coordination compounds, spectroscopic techniques like Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy have been used.Spectroscopic studies show that the ligand acts as a bidentate chelate which forms a ring-like structure.The coordination of synthesized ligand with transition metals is via O, O donor sites, and it forms a fivemembered chelating ring on complex formation.Antimicrobial activities such as antibacterial and antifungal activities have been done for the said ligand and its complexes.Antibacterial activity of the synthesized ligand and its metal complexes are examined against four different species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains including Staphylococcusaureus, Klebsieludla, Esherichia coli, and Pseudomonas.Comparing the antibacterial effectiveness, the metal complexes having greater lipophilicity character show much higher antibacterial efficiency when compared with the free ligand.Cytotoxicity evaluation of the compounds shows that some of the samples are highly cytotoxic.
The food supply chain in Punjab, Pakistan, faces numerous challenges, including inefficiencies, lack of transparency, and food safety concerns. Block chain technology has emerged as a promising solution to enhance traceability, security, and efficiency in supply chain management. This study examines the impact of block chain adoption in the food supply chain through empirical evidence from Punjab province. A mixed-method approach, including surveys and case studies, was employed to analyze stakeholders' perceptions, benefits, and challenges associated with block chain implementation. The findings suggest that block chain enhances transparency, reduces fraud, and improves consumer trust by enabling real-time track Indofood products. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, lack of technical expertise, and regulatory hurdles hinder its widespread adoption. The study concludes that while block chain technology offers significant potential for revolutionizing Punjab’s food supply chain, addressing infrastructure and policy-related barriers is crucial for its successful implementation.
Moderate exercise training may decrease the risk of URTI while strenuous exercise has been associated with increased risk. Consumption of oat beta-glucan (Obg), a soluble fiber and mild immune system enhancer, may further enhance immune function associated with moderate exercise training. PURPOSE: We studied the effects of short-term moderate exercise training and Obg on susceptibility to infection using our mouse model of respiratory infection (Davis et.al. J. Appl. Physiol. 83 (5): 1461–6 1997). Macrophage (Mo) anti-viral resistance was also determined as a potential mechanism of this effect. METHODS: Male CD-1 mice (n = 96) were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Exercise mice (EX-obg and EX-h2o) ran for I h on a treadmill for 6 consecutive days at 36m/min, 8% grade. Control mice (C-obg and C-h2o) were exposed to the same environment, but remained in their cages throughout the exercise period. Obg was consumed in the drinking water (3.6mg/day) (EX-obg and C-obg) for 10 consecutive days prior to virus inoculation. Following rest or exercise on the last day of training, mice were intra-nasally inoculated with herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1). They were monitored twice daily for morbidity and mortality for 21 days. Additional mice (n = 48) were sacrificed following exercise; peritoneal macrophages were obtained via i.p. lavage and assayed for anti-viral resistance to HSV-1. RESULTS: EX decreased morbidity by 46% and mortality by 38% (P < 0.05). EX also increased Mo anti-viral resistance (P < 0.05). Obg did not further enhance immune function in exercise animals. However, in control mice it did decrease both morbidity and mortality and increased Mo anti-viral resistance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that although not additive in their effects both moderate exercise training and Obg consumption may decrease the risk of URTI. This may be mediated at least in part, by an increase in Mo anti-viral function.
In this paper, we find the second variational formula for a generalized Sasakian space form admitting a semisymmetric metric connection. Inequalities regarding the stability criteria of a compact generalized Sasakian space form admitting a semisymmetric metric connection are established.
– New dental material of the late Miocene hyaenids, Percrocuta carnifex and Adcrocuta eximia latro, from the Siwaliks of Pakistan were excavated and described. These fossils with sound arguments testify the validity of both the genera described by Kretzoi, and followed by others. Moreover, they also shed light on the biogeographic and stratigraphic evidences of these species and genera (Percrocuta and Adcrocuta) from the Siwalik continental deposits.
This paper discusses scattered data interpolation by using cubic Timmer triangular patches. In order to achieve C1 continuity everywhere, we impose a rational corrected scheme that results from convex combination between three local schemes. The final interpolant has the form quintic numerator and quadratic denominator. We test the scheme by considering the established dataset as well as visualizing the rainfall data and digital elevation in Malaysia. We compare the performance between the proposed scheme and some well-known schemes. Numerical and graphical results are presented by using Mathematica and MATLAB. From all numerical results, the proposed scheme is better in terms of smaller root mean square error (RMSE) and higher coefficient of determination (R2). The higher R2 value indicates that the proposed scheme can reconstruct the surface with excellent fit that is in line with the standard set by Renka and Brown’s validation.
Unaccustomed exercise with a large eccentric component produces the greatest muscle fiber damage, inflammation, delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and functional deficits. Curcumin (extract of the Indian spice, turmeric) has potent anti-inflammatory activity in a variety of inflammation models, but has not been evaluated with respect to exercise-induced muscle damage. It is possible that the anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin could hasten recovery of performance due to an attenuation of the primary and especially secondary inflammation associated with delayed regeneration of muscle fibers, soreness, and CNS fatigue. PURPOSE 1) to develop a mouse model of performance recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage and 2) to determine the effects of curcumin on performance recovery in this model. METHODS In EXP 1, treadmill run times to fatigue (36m/min, 8% grade) were performed at 24, 48, 72 & 96 h after an uphill (UP) or downhill (DWN) run in male mice. DWN running was 150 min starting at 16m/min, −5% grade with increments every 5 min to 22m/min, −14% grade. UP running was the same, but grade was increased from 5% to 14%. Separate groups of mice were sacrificed at 24, 48 and 96 h after UP and DWN for collection of blood, muscle (soleus), and selected brain regions. Creatine kinase (CK) was measured in blood and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were measured in muscle and brain. Exp 2 evaluated the effect of curcumin on performance recovery at 48 and 72 h after UP and DWN. Mice were fed curcumin (10 mg) once daily in a highly palatable food pellet (410 mg; bacon flavor) for 3 d prior to UP or DWN running. RESULTS In EXP 1, treadmill run time to fatigue was suppressed in DWN vs Up by over 50% for up to 72 h following the initial run. DWN was also associated with an increase in plasma CK at 24 and 48 h, and inflammatory cytokines in muscle (IL-6 & IL-1β) and brain (IL-1β only in cortex & cerebellum) at 24h. In EXP 2, curcumin feedings attenuated the reduction in run time to fatigue at 48 and 72 h in DWN, with no effect in UP. CONCLUSIONS In this model, recovery of endurance capacity takes up to 72 h following downhill running, which is associated with an increase in plasma CK, and muscle and brain inflammatory cytokines. Ingestion of Curcumin (anti-inflammatory herbal supplement) for 3 d prior to muscle-damaging exercise hastens recovery of endurance performance, but the extent to which this is due to a reduction in the inflammatory response (in muscle and/or CNS) awaits further research. Funded by the DOD, Natick Soldier Center, Grant # DAAD 16-02-C-0015.
Two urostylid ciliates, Trichototaxis marina Lu et al., 2014 and Uncinata bradburyae (Gong et al., 2001) Luo et al., 2015, new to Japan, were collected from coastal water in Nagasaki. Both were identified based on live and protargol-stained specimens. Morphologically, two new populations of T. marina correspond well with the type population in the live morphology and ciliature, especially a very flexible body having a long elliptical shape, and reddish cell colour caused by irregularly shaped pigments, multiple left marginal rows and marine habitat. A few morphological features were supplemented for the species. The Japanese population of Uncinata bradburyae presents the diagnostic features, especially the presence of an anterior snout-like procession and the elongated membranelles in the proximal portion of adoral zone, orientation of the anterior portion of the left marginal row, highly developed transverse cirri, and high number of dorsal kineties derived from two unique, de novo formed anlagen. Additionally, greenish pigments were first documented for the species. The new record suggests U. bradburyae might be a eurythermal species. The overall pattern of the divisional events resembles that of the Qingdao population described previously. Part of the reorganisation was also first revealed for U. bradburyae, which corresponds to the divisional processes in the opisthe. The present study corroborates the wide distribution of both species, and contributes to circumscribe the species by expanding the range of some morphometric data.
A field experiment with two sets, each comprising 13 chickpe a genotypes with three replications was carried out during Rabi 2012-2013 in stress and non-stress conditions. The objective of the reported research was to study the response of chickpea genotypes in drought stress and to screen the appropriate genotypes performing better in water deficit and irrigated conditions. Three genotypes TG1203, TG1221 and TG1219 exhibited best drought tolerance efficiency (92.74, 92.33 & 88.0%), good harvest index (51.6, 50.91 & 49.15%), least drought susceptibility index (0.49, 0.52 & 0.81), and minimum reduction in seed yield (7.26, 7.67 & 12.06%) in stress environment. With better yield stability , these genotypes would be recommended as drought tolerant under stress environment.
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