Shaik Ayub Basha

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Paraphenylenediamine Poisoning: A Review of Literature

Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology (2014)

Languluri Reddenna Tedlla Rama Krishna Shaik Ayub Basha

Any substance dangerous to living organisms when either applied internally or externally, destroy the action of vital functions or prevent the continuance of life is known as poison. Cosmetics, medicines, and other household items could lead to a serious poisoning if accidently consumed by children. The home environment is the primary location of most poisonings, with over 90% of reported poisonings occurring at home. Most non-fatal poisonings occur in children younger than six years of age. Paraphenylenediamine (< 4%), resorcinol, propylene glycol, liquid paraffin, cetostearyl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulfate, EDTA sodium, herbal extracts, preservatives, and perfumes. Paraphenylene diamine and resorcinol are known toxicants with multi-organ effects, while the toxicity profiles of others are not known. It causes systemic toxicity, manifested by severe edema of neck and face and laryngeal edema with respiratory distress frequently requiring emergency tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation. It also causes rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure, culminating in death if not treated aggressively. The controlled supervision over trading of hair dye is necessary to stop Paraphenylenediamine poisoning. We recommend that the selling of hair dye containing PPD should be controlled and public education programme should be initiated in this regard.

Hair dyes

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Pharmacovigilance Programme of India

INNOVATIONS in pharmacy (2015)

Duvvuru Ashok Kumar Languluri Reddenna Shaik Ayub Basha

Pharmacovigilance is defined as "the pharmacological science relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects, principally long term and short term adverse effects of medicines." It is an important and integral part of clinical research. India is the world's second most populated country with over one billion potential drug consumers. Although, India is participating in the Uppsala monitoring center program, its contribution to that database is relatively small. This problem is essentially due to the absence of a robust ADR monitoring system and also the lack of awareness of reporting concepts among Indian health care professionals. The specific aims of pharmacovigilance are to advance patient care and safety in relation to the use of medicines and all medical and paramedical interventions, contribute to the assessment of benefit, harm, effectiveness, and risk of medicines, promising their safe, rational, and more effective use, promote indulgent, education, and clinical training in pharmacovigilance and its effective communication to the public. Pharmacovigilance methods must also be capable to designate which patients are at risk of developing an adverse drug reaction. A suitably working pharmacovigilance system is important if medicines are to be used prudently. It will be advantageous for healthcare professionals, regulatory authorities, pharmaceutical companies and consumers to monitor medicines for risk. Type: Commentary

Adverse drug reaction

Drug reaction

Under-reporting

10.24926/iip.v6i1.371

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Citations (30)

Medication therapy management services and pharmacovigilance studies in tuberculosis patients: A patient care aspect in the pulmonology department in a Tertiary Care Hospital

International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences (2019)

Sumayya Samreen Shaik Ayub Basha Aleemuddin Nm Shagufta Naaz Shaik Arshad

Background: Tuberculosis is fundamentally a disease of the lungs, however, it can influence any organ in the body. Objectives: Primary objective was to improve the patient compliance or medication adherence and to identify, detect, monitor ADRs induced by anti-tubercular drugs and report them. A secondary objective was to prevent the emergence of drug resistance and treatment of prolongation/failure in TB patients. Methods: A prospective, observational, cohort study was carried out for 6-months in tertiary care hospital. There were 60 patients included in the study. The data were evaluated for patients’ demographic profile, type of TB, medication adherence and occurrence of ADRs. Adverse drug reactions were observed and recorded. The causality of ADRs was assessed using WHO-causality assessment scale and Naranjo causality assessment scale. The severity of ADRs was determined using Hartwig’s severity assessment scale. Results and Discussion: Total of 60 patients were included in the study. Results showed that among 60 patients included in the study, 44 patients experienced ADRs. Among all age groups, the highest numbers of ADRs were seen in the age group 19-30 (43.1%) years. The occurrence of ADRs was noticed more in females (77.7%). The majority of ADRs occurred in patients was general (28.4%), and gastrointestinal effects (23.8%). Conclusion and Scope of the Study: Adherence to treatment is crucial for the cure of individual patients, controlling the spread of infection, minimizing the development of drug resistance and to reduce the chances of re-infection. Proper therapeutic monitoring of regimen, dose management, and pharmacovigilance activities are necessary. Such approaches will not only improve the treatment outcomes but also minimizes the chances of treatment prolongation/failure. All the health care professionals should interpret their responsibility in this domain of the health care profession.

Pulmonology

Drug reaction

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