Richard L. Davis

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

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Charles B. Wilson

London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

Michael D. Prados

University of California, San Francisco

Takao Hoshino

Akita Industrial Technology Center

Philip H. Gutin

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

William M. Wara

Kaiser Permanente

Theodore L. Phillips

University of Arizona

Michael S. B. Edwards

University Hospital Coventry

Victor A. Levin

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

Stephen M. Stahl

University of California, San Diego

Floyd H. Gilles

Children's Hospital of Los Angeles

Cooperative Institutions

University of California, San Francisco

196

Neurological Surgery

160

Stanford University

Harvard University

University of Southern California

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

University of California, Davis

Massachusetts General Hospital

University College London

University of Washington

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Effect of Microsurgical and Carbon Dioxide and Argon Laser Resection on Recurrence of the Intracerebral 9L Rat Gliosarcoma

Neurosurgery (1984)

Michael S. B. Edwards James E. Boggan Catherine A. Bolger Richard L. Davis

The intracerebral 9L rat brain tumor was resected from 38 rats with the use of standard microsurgical techniques, the carbon dioxide laser, or the argon laser. The extent of resection was evaluated by histological examination, and the effect on survival of the three methods was compared. All three methods achieved histologically verifiable gross total resection, and tumor recurrence after resection by all three methods occurred at the same rate.

Gliosarcoma

Carbon dioxide laser

Surgical resection

10.1227/00006123-198401000-00011

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Citations (9)

Immunohistochemical Double Staining with Immunogold-Silver and Alkaline Phosphatase to Identify Nuclear Markers of Cellular Proliferation

Biotechnic & Histochemistry (1993)

Makoto Shibuya Satoyuki Ito Richard L. Davis Takao Hoshino

To facilitate cell kinetics studies of brain tumors labeled with thymidine analogs, we developed a new method to identify nuclei labeled sequentially with bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) and iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) by double staining with immunogold-silver and alkaline phosphatase. Patients received an intraoperative infusion of BUdR: excised tumor specimens were immediately labeled with IUdR in vitro. fixed with 70% alcohol, embedded in paraffin, and cut into 6 pm sections. The sections were incubated first with BR-3. a monoclonal antibody that recognizes only BUdR, and then with IU-4. a monoclonal antibody that recognizes both BUdR and IUdR: sections were counterstained with hematoxylin to identify unlabeled nuclei. Nuclei labeled only with IUdR stained red, whereas those labeled with BUdR or with both BUdR and IUdR stained black against a red background: unlabeled nuclei stained blue. This method was the most efficient differential staining technique to identify nuclei labeled only with IUdR and those labeled with BUdR among unlabeled nuclei.

Immunogold labelling

Bromodeoxyuridine

Thymidine

Silver stain

10.3109/10520299309105571

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Citations (7)

BROMODEOXYURIDINE LABELING STUDY OF INTRACRANIAL MENINGIOMAS

Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology (1990)

T. Hosbino K. S. Lee Joshua B. Bederson Richard L. Davis C. B. Wilson

Bromodeoxyuridine

10.1097/00005072-199005000-00188

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Variational Item Response Theory: Fast, Accurate, and Expressive

arXiv (Cornell University) (2020)

Mike Wu Richard L. Davis Benjamin W. Domingue Chris Piech Noah D. Goodman

Item Response Theory (IRT) is a ubiquitous model for understanding humans based on their responses to questions, used in fields as diverse as education, medicine and psychology. Large modern datasets offer opportunities to capture more nuances in human behavior, potentially improving test scoring and better informing public policy. Yet larger datasets pose a difficult speed / accuracy challenge to contemporary algorithms for fitting IRT models. We introduce a variational Bayesian inference algorithm for IRT, and show that it is fast and scaleable without sacrificing accuracy. Using this inference approach we then extend classic IRT with expressive Bayesian models of responses. Applying this method to five large-scale item response datasets from cognitive science and education yields higher log likelihoods and improvements in imputing missing data. The algorithm implementation is open-source, and easily usable.

USable

10.48550/arxiv.2002.00276

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Citations (16)

Fashioning Creative Expertise with Generative AI: Graphical Interfaces for Design Space Exploration Better Support Ideation Than Text Prompts

Richard L. Davis Thiemo Wambsganß Wei Jiang Kevin Gonyop Kim Tanja Käser

This paper investigates the potential impact of deep generative models on the work of creative professionals. We argue that current generative modeling tools lack critical features that would make them useful creativity support tools, and introduce our own tool, generative.fashion1, which was designed with theoretical principles of design space exploration in mind. Through qualitative studies with fashion design apprentices, we demonstrate how generative.fashion supported both divergent and convergent thinking, and compare it with a state-of-the-art text-based interface using Stable Diffusion. In general, the apprentices preferred generative.fashion, citing the features explicitly designed to support ideation. In two follow-up studies, we provide quantitative results that support and expand on these insights. We conclude that text-only prompts in existing models restrict creative exploration, especially for novices. Our work demonstrates that interfaces which are theoretically aligned with principles of design space exploration are essential for unlocking the full creative potential of generative AI.

Ideation

Generative Design

Generative model

Creative work

10.1145/3613904.3642908

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Development and application of computer software for simulation of vibration analysis in education

M.R. Askari Richard L. Davis

This paper outlines a method of developing a use endly package to assist students with thei erimental studies of vibration. This package was eloped, using Windows-based MICROSOFT EXCEL and VISUAL BASIC. Sets of data obtaine two separate experiments are fed into the software g the spreadsheet due to its ease of accepting a e number of input data and their subsequent editing. VISUALBASIC helps to have user friendly pull n menus and toolsbars for various analysis choices, analysis is carried out with output data in tabular graphical form simulating the system. The students herefore free of having to do tedious analysis and ing the plots and can spend more time on learning rocess and improve their accuracy of measurement. software also acts as a self learning package with carefully explained, so the effort from the atory supervisor is minimised.

10.1049/cp:19980659

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Citations (4)

Fire and Ice: Li Cunxu and the Founding of the Later Tang

Richard L. Davis

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Citations (1)

The Mongol World

Richard L. Davis

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Spinal subarachnoid metastasis from primary intracranial glioblastoma multiforme

Cancer (1978)

Stephanie S. Erlich Richard L. Davis

Twenty-five patients with glioblastoma multiforme were autopsied at our institution in 7 years. Spinal cords were examined in 20 and 5 were found to have spinal leptomeningeal metastases. Clinical and neuropathological findings of these 5 patients are presented and factors possibly influencing such spread are analyzed. Review of previous studies of intracranical glioblastomas discloses only 14 reported cases with spinal leptomeningeal metastases confirmed at autopsy since 1931. We conclude that spinal leptomeningeal metastases in glioblastoma multiforme are a common occurrence. These findings are of little significance at present with our poor success at control of the primary lesion. Frequency of involvement of the spinal subarachnoid space will be significant, when we are able to better treat the primary tumor. Knowledge of the significant possibility of this phenomenon will allow earlier and more frequent clinical diagnosis. Cancer 42:2854–2864, 1978.

Subarachnoid space

Metastatic lesion

10.1002/1097-0142(197812)42:6<2854::aid-cncr2820420647>3.0.co;2-4

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Citations (171)

The Reign of Tu-tsung (1264–1274) and His Successors to 1279

Cambridge University Press eBooks (2009)

Richard L. Davis

As it approached its end, the Southern Sung dynasty had been weakened by spendthrift emperors, disabled by squabbling bureaucrats, and stretched to the brink of bankruptcy by the costs of wars that had lingered for six decades. By the 1260s a certain disillusionment and fatalism hung over Lin-an. The emperor, Li-tsung (r. 1224–64), seemed to be evading despair by escaping into lechery. His high officials evaded responsibility for their failures by engaging in political vendettas. Attempts at reviving economic prosperity through government initiatives had lost their appeal after several disastrous failures. The active pursuit of peace was similarly abandoned. Adding to this malaise was the inability of the Chao imperial line to provide suitable heirs on a regular basis.

Reign

Prosperity

Emperor

Malaise

Fatalism

10.1017/chol9780521812481.014

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Citations (3)