Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS), also known as Kinsbourne syndrome or dancing eyes syndrome, is an extremely rare neurological condition that comprises a heterogenous constellation of symptoms including opsoclonus along with diffuse or focal body myoclonus. It is usually referred to as a paraneoplastic entity, but it may also be associated to an infectious, metabolic, or idiopathic cause. Small-cell carcinoma of the lung is the most commonly reported malignancy associated with OMS. The authors describe a case of a 69-year-old male that presented with ataxic gait, phono- and photophobia, vertigo, dizziness, lethargy, nausea, and vomiting. During examination, rapid, multidirectional eye movements; slight dysarthria; and facial myoclonus were noted. He was admitted to the hospital, and after a thorough study, a diagnosis of OMS was established. Intravenous corticosteroids were started, alongside physiotherapy, and a slight improvement of his symptoms was noted. Imaging revealed a suspicious lesion in the left lung, along with lymphadenopathies and bone metastases. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of stage IV small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Chemotherapy (ChT) with carboplatin and etoposide was started, and a gradual improvement of his neurological complaints was noted. After six cycles, the disease progressed, and second-line ChT with topotecan was started. After two cycles, the patient experienced significant clinical deterioration and eventually died. In conclusion, OMS is a poorly understood condition with uncertain neurological prognosis. The treatment of the primary neoplasm may improve neurological symptoms. The recognition of paraneoplastic syndromes is of utmost importance since early diagnosis of a malignancy relates to better outcomes.
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are an important class of drugs used in the treatment of abnormal calcium metabolism diseases.The first syntheses of bisphosphonates derived from indazole, substituted at the N-1, N-2 and C-3 positions are reported.The 1-hydroxy-1,1-bisphosphonates were synthesized from the corresponding carboxylic acid or acyl chloride compounds, by two different methods.These BPs have a side chain with different lengths ((CH 2 ) n , n = 0-5) between the indazole ring and the bisphosphonate group.
e13017 Background: Activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin intracellular signaling pathway is one of the mechanisms of endocrine resistance in breast cancer. The addition of everolimus to exemestane improves progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with hormone receptor positive (HR+) advanced breast cancer (ABC) previously treated with nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors (NSAIs). The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of everolimus plus exemestane in patients with HR+ ABC. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients with HR+, HER2 negative ABC treated with everolimus/exemestane that recurred or progressed during/after treatment with NSAIs in a portuguese comprehensive cancer center. Study endpoints were PFS, overall survival (OS), overall response rate and adverse events. Results: Between April 2014 and September 2020, 63 female patients were treated with everolimus/exemestane. Median age was 59 years (36-79), and all had performance status ECOG ≤2. Seventeen (27.0%) patients had bone metastasis alone, 39 (61.9%) had bone and visceral metastasis, 25 (39.7%) had metastasis in 3 or more sites and 87.3% had previous hormone-sensitive disease. Before everolimus/exemestane, 61 (96.8%) patients were being treated with palliative endocrine therapy (alone or in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors) or chemotherapy (ChT) and 2 (3.2%) patients were under adjuvant endocrine therapy. Median follow-up time was 12.8 months (1.4-74.6), with 39 patients alive. Overall response rate was 14.3% (1 complete response and 8 partial responses) and 45 patients had stable disease. Median PFS was 5.6 months (CI95% 2.4-8.8) and median OS was 25.4 months (CI95% 10.3-40.5). Subgroup analysis regarding PFS was statistically significant for previous treatment with CDK4/6 inhibitors (p = 0.026) and for site of metastasis (p = 0.025). In the subgroup of patients that previously underwent palliative ChT, median PFS was 4.0 months (CI95% 0.2-9.6) and median OS was 18.6 months (CI95% 8.2-29.0). For patients that did not receive previous palliative ChT, median PFS was 5.8 months (CI95% 3.8-7.8) and median OS was 43.5 months (CI95% 2.0-85.0). Grade 3 and 4 adverse events occurred in 21 (33.3%) patients, and were: nausea, anorexia, rash, headache, haematologic toxicity, hepatic cytolysis, hyperglycaemia, pneumonitis, oral mucositis and acute kidney failure with need for haemodialysis. Fifty-five (87.3%) patients suspended everolimus, 34 (54.0%) due to disease progression and 21 (33.3%) due to toxicity. Conclusions: Our results confirm the effectiveness and safety of everolimus/exemestane in real-world setting and support its use mainly before palliative ChT. Everolimus/exemestane in HR+ ABC is feasible in the clinic, with toxicity manageable under close surveillance.
To determine the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinomas in the North Region of Portugal and to study its clinicopathological characteristics.We have performed a retrospective study including a total of 179 consecutive patients with gastric cancer (GC) submitted to gastrectomy during 2011 at the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto. Clinical and pathological data was collected from individual clinical records and inserted on a database with unique codification. Tumour tissues were collected from the institutional tumour bank. EBV was detected by in situ hybridization for the detection of EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) and EBV latent proteins (LMP1 and LMP2A) were detected by immunohistochemistry.The analysis showed that EBV-associated gastric carcinomas (EBVaGC) represents 8.4% (15/179) of all GC cases, with a significant differential distribution among histological types (P < 0.001): 100% (3/3) of medullary carcinomas, 100% (1/1) of adenosquamous carcinoma, 8.7% (8/92) of tubular adenocarcinomas, 8.0% (2/25) of mixed carcinomas and 2% (1/51) in poorly cohesive carcinomas. The analysis revealed a higher predominance of EBVaGC in the upper third and middle (cardia, fundus and body) of the stomach (P = 0.041), a significant lower number of regional lymph nodes invasion (P = 0.025) and a tendency for better prognosis (P = 0.222). EBV latent protein expression revealed that all EBVaGC cases were LMP1-negative, nevertheless 6 cases (40%) expressed LPM2A, which reveals that these cases show a distinct EBV-Latency profile (latency II-like).EBVaGC represents 8.4% of all GC in the North Region of Portugal. The EBV-infected patients have specific clinic-pathological features that should be further explored to develop new strategies of management and treatment.
<div>Abstract<p>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–modified T cells have revolutionized the treatment of CD19-positive hematologic malignancies. Although anti-CD19 CAR-engineered autologous T cells can induce remission in patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a large subset relapse, most of them with CD19-positive disease. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are clearly needed. Here, we report a comprehensive study comparing engineered T cells either expressing a second-generation anti-CD19 CAR (CAR-T19) or secreting a CD19/CD3-targeting bispecific T-cell engager antibody (STAb-T19). We found that STAb-T19 cells are more effective than CAR-T19 cells at inducing cytotoxicity, avoiding leukemia escape <i>in vitro</i>, and preventing relapse <i>in vivo</i>. We observed that leukemia escape <i>in vitro</i> is associated with rapid and drastic CAR-induced internalization of CD19 that is coupled with lysosome-mediated degradation, leading to the emergence of transiently CD19-negative leukemic cells that evade the immune response of engineered CAR-T19 cells. In contrast, engineered STAb-T19 cells induce the formation of canonical immunologic synapses and prevent the CD19 downmodulation observed in anti-CD19 CAR-mediated interactions. Although both strategies show similar efficacy in short-term mouse models, there is a significant difference in a long-term patient-derived xenograft mouse model, where STAb-T19 cells efficiently eradicated leukemia cells, but leukemia relapsed after CAR-T19 therapy. Our findings suggest that the absence of CD19 downmodulation in the STAb-T19 strategy, coupled with the continued antibody secretion, allows an efficient recruitment of the endogenous T-cell pool, resulting in fast and effective elimination of cancer cells that may prevent CD19-positive relapses frequently associated with CAR-T19 therapies.</p></div>
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing the engagement of community health agents (CHW) in home visits for breast cancer screening, according to the actions of the Itaberaí Project. Methodology: This is a clinical trial, controlled, randomized, multicenter, phase III, where the observation unit was the CHW in their National Health Strategies (NHS). With randomization, CHW were randomly allocated into control group (CG) and intervention group (IG), where the intervention is the physical breast examination (PBE) performed by properly trained CHAs. The evaluation was conducted using a group technique, where CHW were previously encouraged to report challenges and facilitators in participating in the Itaberaí Project. Data were categorized by content approximation, evaluated, and compared between the groups. Results: Out of the 74 CHW active in the Project, 72 (91.1%) participated in this research, with 33 (45.8%) in the CG and 39 (54.2%) in the IG. In the CG, the most prevalent challenge was women’s acceptance to participate in the Project, as reported by 33 CHW (100.0%), where the reasons were fears and taboos, delays in undergoing exams, and having health insurance, with 14 (42.4%), 13 (39.4%), and 6 (18.2%), respectively. The most common facilitators for executing the Project reported by CHW were helping others and saving lives 25 (75.8%), recognition and appreciation of CHW 23 (69.7%), and ongoing training 22 (66.7%). In the IG, the most prevalent challenge was women’s resistance to receiving the PBE, while the least prevalent was CHW insecurity in performing the PBE. Among the facilitators, the most prevalent was prompt service 28 (70.0%). Conclusion: The factor that most influences the engagement of CHAs in carrying out the Itaberaí Project is “saving lives” or “helping others.” However, they still encounter resistance from women due to fears and taboos regarding breast cancer.