A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1-[(2-methyl-3-benzothiophene)]-2-[2-methyl-5-(1,3-dioxolane)-3-thienyl] perfluorocyclopentene ( 1o ) has been synthesized. In the meantime, its photochromic, kinetics and fluorescence properties were investigated in detail. The results showed this compound exhibited reversible photochromism, undergoing reversible cyclization and cycloreversion reactions upon alternating irradiation with UV and visible light in solution [1]. The two isomers differ from each other not only in their absorption spectras, but also in many changes of various physical and chemical properties, such as dielectric constant, refractive index, as well as oxidation/reduction potential, etc [2]. Diarylethene 1 changed the color from colorless to pink upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light, in which absorption maxima were observed at 516 nm in acetonitrile.
Metallic nanoparticles can be synthesised in living plants, which provide a friendly approach. In this work, the authors aimed to study the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in Arabidopsis and the two-dimensional (2D) distribution of Ag and other elements (Ca, P, S, Mg, and CI) in the Arabidopsis plant tissues. The concentrations of Ag in the plant tissues were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer, showing that the majority of Ag was retained in the roots. Transmission electron micrographs showed the morphology of AgNPs and the location in plant cells. The distributions of Cl and Ag were consistent in plant tissues by 2D proton-induced X-ray emission. In conclusion, this is the first report of the AgNP synthesis in Arabidopsis living plants and its 2D distribution of important elements, which provide a new clue for further research.
A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene with thiazole ring 1-(2,5-dimethyl-3-thiazolyl)-2-[2-methyl-5-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)-3-thienyperfluorocyclopentene ( 1o ) has been synthesized, and its properties, such as photochromism and fluorescence properties were investigated. Diarylethene 1 changed the color from colorless to orange upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light, in which absorption maxima were observed at 487 nm in hexane.
A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-2-{2-methyl-5-[4-(1,3-dioxolane)phenyl]-3-thienyl}perfluorocyclopentene (1o) has been synthesized.Its properties have been discussed systematically, including photochromic, fluorescence switch and kinetics experiments in acetonitrile solution.The result indicated that this diarylethene had good thermal stability and exhibited reversible photochromism, changing the color from colorless to pink in acetonitrile solution upon appropriate irradiation with 297 nm UV light, respectively.What is more, the kinetic experiments illustrated that the cyclization/cycloreversion process of this compound was determined to be the zeroth/first reaction.The fluorescence intensity of diarylethene decreased dramatically along with the photochromism from open-ring isomer to closed-ring isomer upon irradiation with UV light in acetonitrile solution.
Abstract B lymphocyte‐mediated humoral immune response is essential for protection against infectious diseases. Deeper research in B cell biology, particularly metabolism is required for the better understanding of its properties in homeostasis and in diseases. Emerging immunometabolism, including anabolism and catabolism, has tremendously impacts on immune cells from development to function and markedly advances our view on immunoregulation. Growing evidence suggests that the ultimate effect of intracellular metabolism on immune cell functions is not only influenced by the external stimuli but also by the balance of the different metabolic pathways. However, B cell immunometabolism is not deeply investigated like T cells. The complex development and differentiation processes of B cell subsets have left many untouched, but fundamental aspects in B cell metabolism. Available evidence demonstrated that the intracellular metabolism has the ubiquitous impact on B cell fate and function decisions at the transcriptional regulation and signal transduction processes. In this review, we update the recent development in the immunometabolism of B cells with the latest findings including the immune‐metabolic steering on B cell development, differentiation, and function skewing, and emphasis on how immunometabolism landscape may shape B cell functions in metabolic, autoimmune, and inflammatory disorders. The metabolic interaction of B cells with other immune cells in disease context will also be discussed.
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