Abstract Background Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a severe complication of joint arthroplasty that causes significant pain and economic loss. This study aimed to determine whether the current evidence supports single-stage revision for PJI based on reinfection and reoperation rates. Methods We searched the PubMed, EBSCO, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to 30 May 2023 to identify studies that compared sing-stage revision and two-stage revision for PJI. Data on reinfection and reoperation rates were pooled. Results This meta-analysis included a total of 40 studies with 8641 patients. Overall, there was no significant difference between single- and two-stage revision regarding the postoperative reinfection rate and reoperation rate. Subgroup analysis of different surgical sites revealed that the reinfection rate was significantly lower after single-stage revision than after two-stage revision for knee PJI, but no difference with hip or shoulder. For patients with PJI of the knee or hip or shoulder, there was no difference between the single- and two-stage revision groups in the reoperation rates. Subgroup analysis by surgery period revealed no difference between the two groups in the reinfection and reoperation rates. Conclusions There was no difference in the reinfection and reoperation rates after single- versus two-stage revision for PJI. Based on the available evidence, we recommend single-stage revision for PJI in patients without relative contraindications.
Abstract A number of emerging studies suggest that air pollutants such as hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and ammonia (NH 3 ) may cause a decline in spermatozoa motility. The impact and underlying mechanisms are currently unknown. Boar spermatozoa ( in vitro ) and peripubertal male mice ( in vivo ) were exposed to H 2 S and/or NH 3 to evaluate the impact on spermatozoa motility. Na 2 S and/or NH 4 Cl reduced the motility of boar spermatozoa in vitro. Na 2 S and/or NH 4 Cl disrupted multiple signaling pathways including decreasing Na + /K + ATPase activity and protein kinase B (AKT) levels, activating Adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) to diminish boar spermatozoa motility. The increase in ROS might have activated PTEN, which in turn diminished AKT activation. The ATP deficiency (indicated by reduction in Na + /K + ATPase activity), transforming growth factor (TGF β ) activated kinase-1 (TAK1) activation, and AKT deactivation stimulated AMPK, which caused a decline in boar spermatozoa motility. Simultaneously, the deactivation of AKT might play some role in the reduction of boar spermatozoa motility. Furthermore, Na 2 S and/or NH 4 Cl declined the motility of mouse spermatozoa without affecting mouse body weight gain in vivo. Findings of the present study suggest that H 2 S and/or NH 3 are adversely associated with spermatozoa motility.
Maternal diabetes compromises the quality and developmental potential of oocytes. Therefore, it is important to study how to ameliorate the adverse effects of diabetes on oocyte quality. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has a variety of physiological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-diabetes. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of EGCG on the maturation of diabetic oocytes in vitro.
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) –induced liver damage may be treated with chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a small-molecular–weight oligosaccharide with excellent bioactivity and antioxidant potential. Hepatotoxicity induced by AFB1 single acute exposure (ASAE) has been theoretically established but the mechanism of toxicity in aquatic models has been less studied. In this paper, a model of liver injury in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) after ASAE for 72 h and a model of liver injury healing after ASAE following a COS intervention for 72 h were developed. The different effects of ASAE and COS interventions for ASAE were analyzed at the phenotypic and genetic levels. The results showed that AFB1 reduced body weight and hepatopancreatic somatic indices (HSI) in medaka. Moreover, AFB1–induced histopathological damage and oxidative stress injury were concentration–dependent but the symptoms of damage were attenuated to some extent by the addition of the intervention drug COS, and the intervention effect of high concentrations of COS was almost identical to silymarin (SIL). Using the RNA–Seq technique, COS reduces the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) brought about by AFB1. Among the genes associated with tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis aurka, thbs1, serpine1, fabp7, and dusp5 were also validated by Q-PCR with corresponding trends. In conclusion, AFB1 can cause liver injury in medaka and COS has a therapeutic effect, and these impacted genes have the potential to become therapeutic targets for COS intervention in AFB1–induced liver disease.
Abstract The hetero-chitooligosaccharide (HTCOS) is a naturally occurring biopolymer in the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects. Although some studies have been carried out on HTCOS in inducing plant resistance and promoting growth, the molecular mechanism of HTCOS in plants is not clear. In this study, an integrated analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics was performed to analyze the response of Brassica napus to hetero-chitooligosaccharides treatment. The levels of 26 metabolites in B. napus were significantly changed under the HTCOS treatment. Amongst these metabolites, 9 metabolites were significantly up-regulated, including pentonic acid, indole-3-acetate, and γ-aminobutyric acid. Transcriptome data showed that there were 817 significantly up-regulated genes and 1064 significantly down-regulated genes in B. napus under the HTCOS treatment. Interestingly, the indole-3-acetate (IAA) content under the HTCOS treatment was about five times higher than that under the control condition. Moreover, four genes related to plant hormone signal transduction, three AUX/IAA genes, and one ARF gene, were significantly up-regulated under the HTCOS treatment. Furthermore, the plant height, branching number, and biomass of B. napus under the HTCOS treatment were significantly increased compared to that in the control condition. This evidence indicated that the HTCOS treatment contributed to accumulating the content of plant hormone IAA in the B. napus , up-regulating the expression of key genes in the signaling pathway of plant growth and improving the agronomic traits of B. napus .
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